相关论文: The minimum energy state

In quantum theory the vacuum is defined as a state of minimum energy that is devoid of particles but still not completely empty. It is perhaps more surprising that its definition depends on the geometry of the system and on the trajectory…

In electromagnetism, as in Newton's mechanics, action is always equal to reaction. The force from the electromagnetic field on matter is balanced by an equal and opposite force from matter on the field. We generally speak only of forces…

In this paper we consider the problem of characterizing the minimum energy configurations of a finite system of particles interacting between them due to attracting or repulsive forces given by a certain inter molecular potential. We limit…

First-order nonequilibrium phase transitions observed in active matter, fluid dynamics, biology, climate science, and other systems with irreversible dynamics are challenging to analyze because they cannot be inferred from a simple free…

This review summarizes the current status of the energy conditions in general relativity and quantum field theory. We provide a historical review and a summary of technical results and applications, complemented with a few new derivations…

Various types of equilibrium processes involve electric fields. In some cases, the electrical energy appears to be negative (e.g. if the voltage is fixed by an external source). This paper explains how to derive the correct thermo-dynamic…

Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of nonequilibrium processes. The Jarzynski equality, for example, provides a link between equilibrium free energy differences and finite-time, nonequilibrium dynamics. We…

Continuing previous work and using a simple change of variables, an analytical equation of state for a degenerate non-relativistic Fermi gas in a magnetic field is proposed.

We consider a large atom with nuclear charge $Z$ described by non-relativistic quantum mechanics with classical or quantized electromagnetic field. We prove that the absolute ground state energy, allowing for minimizing over all possible…

The possibility of the magnetic monopole decay in the constant electric field is investigated and the exponential factor in the probability is obtained. Corrections due to Coulomb interaction are calculated. The relation between masses of…

We establish a relation between the geometric time-energy uncertainty and multipartite entanglement. In particular, we show that the time-energy uncertainty relation is bounded below by the geometric measure of multipartite entanglement for…

We deduce from energy conservation a lower bound on the mass of any system capable of imparting a constant acceleration to a charged body. We also point out a connection between this bound and the so called dominant energy condition of…

The concept of electromagnetic field can be neatly formulated by recognizing that the simplest form of the four-force is indeed feasible. We show that Maxwell's equations almost entirely stem from the properties of spacetime, notably from…

The resonant interaction of two nonidentical two-level atoms with one mode of the electromagnetic field has been considered. The pure-state evolution of the atomic states for field initially in the coherent state and atoms in the ground…

We provide a max-min characterization of the mountain pass energy level for a family of variational problems. As a consequence we deduce the mountain pass structure of solutions to suitable PDEs, whose existence follows from classical…

As a continuation of our previous work, we derive the optimal flux phase which minimizes the ground state energy in the one-dimensional many particle systems, when the number of particles is odd in the absence of on-site interaction and…

We discuss the renormalization of the initial value problem in Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory within a simple, yet instructive, example and show how to obtain a renormalized time evolution for the two-point functions of a scalar field…

The equation of motion for a time-independent weak value of a quantum mechanical observable contains a complex valued energy factor - the weak energy of evolution. This quantity is defined by the dynamics of the pre-selected and…

The intricate machinery of perturbative quantum field theory has largely been devoted to the 'dynamical' side of the theory: simple states are evolved in complicated ways. This article begins to address this lopsided treatment. Although it…

Diffusive operations, which mix the populations of different elements of phase space, can irreversibly transform a given initial state into any of a spectrum of different states from which no further energy can be extracted through…