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Safety alignment is an important procedure before the official deployment of a Large Language Model (LLM). While safety alignment has been extensively studied for LLM, there is still a large research gap for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs)…

Software product lines (SPL) are a method for the development of variant-rich software systems. Compared to non-variable systems, testing SPLs is extensive due to an increasingly amount of possible products. Different approaches exist for…

The second-order sub-optimal sliding mode control (SMC), known in the literature for the last two decades, is extended by a control-off mode which allows for saving energy during the finite time convergence. The systems with relative degree…

Contingency Analysis (CA) is a core component of the Energy Management System (EMS) in the power grid. The goal of CA is to operate the power system in a secure manner by analyzing the system subject to a contingency (e.g., the outage of a…

This paper presents a comprehensive empirical study on the safety alignment capabilities. We evaluate what matters for safety alignment in LLMs and LRMs to provide essential insights for developing more secure and reliable AI systems. We…

Usually, methods evaluating system reliability require engineers to quantify the reliability of each of the system components. For series and parallel systems, there are some options to handle the estimation of each component's reliability.…

This paper focuses on multi-stage coordination for a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCL). Each load maximizes the individual utility in response to an energy price, while the coordinator determines the price to maximize…

Training frontier-scale foundation models involves coordinating tens of thousands of GPUs over multi-month runs, where even minor performance degradations can accumulate into substantial efficiency losses. Existing health-check mechanisms,…

Considering the potential of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to provide flexibility in demand response or load control, a semi-Markov model (SMM) for the ON/OFF controlled TCL is developed in this paper. This model makes full use…

Building on the theoretical insights of Part I, this paper, as the second part of the tutorial, dives deeper into data-driven power flow linearization (DPFL), focusing on comprehensive numerical testing. The necessity of these simulations…

The off-lattice Boltzmann (OLB) method consists of numerical schemes which are used to solve the discrete Boltzmann equation. Unlike the commonly used lattice Boltzmann method, the spatial and time steps are uncoupled in the OLB method. In…

As the complexity of control systems increases, the need for systematic methods to guarantee their efficacy grows as well. However, direct testing of these systems is oftentimes costly, difficult, or impractical. As a result, the test and…

Control applications for cyber-physical systems must make reliably safe control decisions in the presence of continuous dynamics as well as stochastic uncertainty. Providing safety guarantees for such systems requires formal modeling and…

Runtime energy management has become quintessential for multi-sensor autonomous systems at the edge for achieving high performance given the platform constraints. Typical for such systems, however, is to have their controllers designed with…

In this work, we perform safety analysis of linear dynamical systems with uncertainties. Instead of computing a conservative overapproximation of the reachable set, our approach involves computing a statistical approximate reachable set. As…

The recently introduced energy-saving extension of the sub-optimal sliding mode control allows for control-off phases during the convergence to second-order equilibrium. This way, it enables for a lower energy consumption compared to the…

As illustrated in recent years (Superstorm Sandy, the Northeast Ice Storm of 1998, etc.), extreme weather events pose an enormous threat to the electric power transmission systems and the associated socio-economic systems that depend on…

Despite their remarkable success, large language models (LLMs) have shown limited ability on safety-critical code tasks such as vulnerability detection. Typically, static analysis (SA) tools, like CodeQL, CodeGuru Security, etc., are used…

This paper provides a recipe for deriving calculable approximation errors of mean-field models in heavy-traffic with the focus on the well-known load balancing algorithm -- power-of-two-choices (Po2). The recipe combines Stein's method for…

The aim of this paper is to compare the probabilistic approach based on fault trees and event trees, to an approach called "semi-quantitative" as presented by the guide Omega 10 (INERIS, 2008), for the industrial risk management. A brief…