相关论文: On a class of random sets of positive integers

Let $X$ be an irreducible shift of finite type (SFT) of positive entropy, and let $B_n(X)$ be its set of words of length $n$. Define a random subset $\omega$ of $B_n(X)$ by independently choosing each word from $B_n(X)$ with some…

We investigate compositions of a positive integer with a fixed number of parts, when there are several types of each natural number. These compositions produce new relationships among binomial coefficients, Catalan numbers, and numbers of…

We study the question, ``For which reals $x$ does there exist a measure $\mu$ such that $x$ is random relative to $\mu$?'' We show that for every nonrecursive $x$, there is a measure which makes $x$ random without concentrating on $x$. We…

We consider the problem of distilling uniform random bits from an unknown source with a given $p$-entropy using linear hashing. As our main result, we estimate the expected $p$-divergence from the uniform distribution over the ensemble of…

We introduce a class of countable groups by some abstract group-theoretic conditions. It includes linear groups with finite amenable radical and finitely generated residually finite groups with some non-vanishing $\ell^2$-Betti numbers that…

Some class of sums which naturally include the sums of powers of integers is considered. A number of conjectures concerning a representation of these sums is made.

This paper proposes an alternative language for expressing results of the algorithmic theory of randomness. The language is more precise in that it does not involve unspecified additive or multiplicative constants, making mathematical…

We study some properties of restricted and associated Fubini numbers. In particular, they have the natural extensions of the original Fubini numbers in the sense of determinants. We also introduce modified Bernoulli and Cauchy numbers and…

Motivated by real-world machine learning applications, we consider a statistical classification task in a sequential setting where test samples arrive sequentially. In addition, the generating distributions are unknown and only a set of…

We demonstrate that the functional form of the likelihood contains a sufficient amount of information for constructing a prior for the unknown parameters. We develop a four-step algorithm by invoking the information entropy as the measure…

We establish the existence of infinitely many \emph{polynomial} progressions in the primes; more precisely, given any integer-valued polynomials $P_1, >..., P_k \in \Z[\m]$ in one unknown $\m$ with $P_1(0) = ... = P_k(0) = 0$ and any $\eps…

The celebrated union-closed conjecture is concerned with the cardinalities of various subsets of the Boolean $d$-cube. The cardinality of such a set is equivalent, up to a constant, to its measure under the uniform distribution, so we can…

We address the problem of detecting deviations of binary sequence from randomness,which is very important for random number (RNG) and pseudorandom number generators (PRNG). Namely, we consider a null hypothesis $H_0$ that a given bit…

The intrinsic random nature of quantum physics offers novel tools for the generation of random numbers, a central challenge for a plethora of fields. Bell non-local correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states allow for the…

Let $k$ be an integer which is the difference between prime numbers infinitely often. It is known that there are infinitely many such $k$ and, in this paper, we give a new unconditional proof that these $k$ have positive density and improve…

We describe a novel way to represent the probability distribution of a random binary string as a mixture having a maximally weighted component associated with independent (though not necessarily identically distributed) Bernoulli…

We develop constructions for exchangeable sequences of point processes that are rendered conditionally-i.i.d. negative binomial processes by a (possibly unknown) random measure called the base measure. Negative binomial processes are useful…

We look at sequences of positive integers that can be realized as degree sequences of iterates of rational dominant maps of smooth projective varieties over arbitrary fields. New constraints on the degree growth of endomorphisms of the…

Bernoulli numbers are usually expressed in terms of their lower index numbers (recursive). This paper gives explicit formulas for Bernoulli numbers of even index. The formulas contain a remarkable sequence of determinants. The value of…

We study properties of a sequence $\Lambda$ obtained by a randomselection of integers $n$, where $n\in\Lambda$ with probability $\varpi_{n}$, independently of the other choices. We distinguish two cases : if…