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Measuring the causal impact of an advertising campaign on sales is an essential task for advertising companies. Challenges arise when companies run advertising campaigns in multiple stores which are spatially correlated, and when the sales…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2018-03-13 Bo Ning , Subhashis Ghosal , Jewell Thomas

An important problem in econometrics and marketing is to infer the causal impact that a designed market intervention has exerted on an outcome metric over time. This paper proposes to infer causal impact on the basis of a…

应用统计 · 统计学 2015-06-02 Kay H. Brodersen , Fabian Gallusser , Jim Koehler , Nicolas Remy , Steven L. Scott

Bayesian forecasting is developed in multivariate time series analysis for causal inference. Causal evaluation of sequentially observed time series data from control and treated units focuses on the impacts of interventions using…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-06-21 Graham Tierney , Christoph Hellmayr , Greg Barkimer , Kevin Li , Mike West

The synthetic control method is a an econometric tool to evaluate causal effects when only one unit is treated. While initially aimed at evaluating the effect of large-scale macroeconomic changes with very few available control units, it…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2021-06-22 Marianne Bléhaut , Xavier D'Haultfoeuille , Jérémy L'Hour , Alexandre B. Tsybakov

This paper focuses on drawing inference on the causal impact of an intervention at a specific time point, as manifested in an outcome variable over time. We operate on the interrupted time series framework and expand on approaches such as…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-10-07 Gianluca Giudice , Sara Geneletti , Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos

Many marketing applications, including credit card incentive programs, offer rewards to customers who exceed specific spending thresholds to encourage increased consumption. Quantifying the causal effect of these thresholds on customers is…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-01-19 Kohsuke Kubota , Shonosuke Sugasawa

The synthetic control method has become a widely popular tool to estimate causal effects with observational data. Despite this, inference for synthetic control methods remains challenging. Often, inferential results rely on linear factor…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-07-09 Ignacio Martinez , Jaume Vives-i-Bastida

This article extends the widely-used synthetic controls estimator for evaluating causal effects of policy changes to quantile functions. The proposed method provides a geometrically faithful estimate of the entire counterfactual quantile…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2022-01-03 Florian Gunsilius

Understanding the effect of a particular treatment or a policy pertains to many areas of interest, ranging from political economics, marketing to healthcare. In this paper, we develop a non-parametric algorithm for detecting the effects of…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-08-24 Davide Viviano , Jelena Bradic

Synthetic control (SC) methods have been widely applied to estimate the causal effect of large-scale interventions, e.g., the state-wide effect of a change in policy. The idea of synthetic controls is to approximate one unit's…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-12-15 Claudia Shi , Dhanya Sridhar , Vishal Misra , David M. Blei

Synthetic control methods are commonly used in panel data settings to evaluate the effect of an intervention. In many of these cases, the treated and control units correspond to spatial units such as regions or neighborhoods. Our approach…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-27 Giulio Grossi , Alessandra Mattei , Georgia Papadogeorgou

Social scientists often study how a policy reform impacted a single targeted country. Increasingly, this is done with the synthetic control method (SCM). SCM models the country's counterfactual (non-reform or untreated) trajectory as a…

应用统计 · 统计学 2019-10-15 Elias Tuomaala

Counterfactual estimation using synthetic controls is one of the most successful recent methodological developments in causal inference. Despite its popularity, the current description only considers time series aligned across units and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-02-03 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

This paper investigates the use of synthetic control methods for causal inference in macroeconomic settings when dealing with possibly nonstationary data. While the synthetic control approach has gained popularity for estimating…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2025-05-29 Zhentao Shi , Jin Xi , Haitian Xie

The synthetic control method (SCM) is widely used for causal inference with panel data, particularly when the number of treated units is small. It relies on the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA), ruling out spillover effects.…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-03-26 Shosei Sakaguchi , Hayato Tagawa

Estimating causal effects on time-to-event outcomes from observational data is particularly challenging due to censoring, limited sample sizes, and non-random treatment assignment. The need for answering such "when-if" questions--how the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Jessy Xinyi Han , Devavrat Shah

Many macroeconomic policy questions may be assessed in a case study framework, where the time series of a treated unit is compared to a counterfactual constructed from a large pool of control units. I provide a general framework for this…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2018-03-02 Daniel Kinn

The Synthetic Control method (SC) has become a valuable tool for estimating causal effects. Originally designed for single-treated unit scenarios, it has recently found applications in high-dimensional disaggregated settings with multiple…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-28 Ye Shen , Rui Song , Alberto Abadie

To estimate the causal effect of an intervention, researchers need to identify a control group that represents what might have happened to the treatment group in the absence of that intervention. This is challenging without a randomized…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-20 Robert Pickett , Jennifer Hill , Sarah Cowan

The synthetic control method offers a way to quantify the effect of an intervention using weighted averages of untreated units to approximate the counterfactual outcome that the treated unit(s) would have experienced in the absence of the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-10-12 Matias D. Cattaneo , Yingjie Feng , Filippo Palomba , Rocio Titiunik
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