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Chemotaxis of enzymes in response to gradients in the concentration of their substrate has been widely reported in recent experiments, but a basic understanding of the process is still lacking. Here, we develop a microscopic theory for…
Enzymes have been recently proposed to have mechanical activity associated with their chemical activity. In a number of recent studies, it has been reported that enzymes undergo enhanced diffusion in the presence of their corresponding…
Many enzymes appear to diffuse faster in the presence of substrate and to drift either up or down a concentration gradient of their substrate. Observations of these phenomena, termed enhanced enzyme diffusion (EED) and enzyme chemotaxis,…
Enzymes show two distinct transport behaviors in the presence of their substrates in solution. First, their diffusivity enhances with increasing substrate concentration. In addition, enzymes perform directional motion toward regions with…
Recent experiments have revealed that the diffusivity of exothermic and fast enzymes is enhanced when they are catalytically active, and different physical mechanisms have been explored and quantified to account for this observation. We…
Enhanced diffusion and anti-chemotaxis of enzymes have been reported in several experiments in the last decade, opening up entirely new avenues of research in the bio-nanosciences both at the applied and fundamental level. Here, we…
Enzymes have been recently found to exhibit enhanced diffusion due to their catalytic activities. A recent experiment [C. Riedel et al., Nature 517, 227 (2015)] has found evidence that suggests this phenomenon might be controlled by the…
The concept that catalytic enzymes can act as molecular machines transducing chemical activity into motion has conceptual and experimental support, but much of the claimed support comes from experimental conditions where the substrate…
Catalytically active enzymes have recently been observed to exhibit enhanced diffusion. In a recent work [C. Riedel et al., Nature 517, 227 (2015)], it has been suggested that this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of exothermicity…
Several enzymes exhibit enhanced diffusion in the presence of a substrate. One explanation of this enhancement arises from fluctuating dimer models, which suggest that enzymes have a higher diffusion constant when interacting with…
Several different enzymes display an apparent diffusion coefficient that increases with the concentration of their substrate. Moreover, their motion becomes directed in substrate gradients. Currently, there are several competing models for…
Molecular agitation more rapid than thermal Brownian motion is reported for cellular environments, motor proteins, synthetic molecular motors, enzymes, and common chemical reactions, yet that chemical activity couples to molecular motion…
Single enzyme chemotaxis is a phenomenon by which a non-equilibrium spatial distribution of an enzyme is created and maintained by concentration gradients of the substrate and product of the catalyzed reaction. These gradients can arise…
We (Riedel et al. Nature 2015), as well as others, have showed that some enzymes exhibit enhanced diffusion when active. In a recent PRL, (Golestanian, PRL 2015, arXiv:1508.03219) R.Golestanian theoretically examines a number of possible…
In this paper, we propose adding enzymes to the propagation environment of a diffusive molecular communication system as a strategy for mitigating intersymbol interference. The enzymes form reaction intermediates with information molecules…
We discuss the shear viscosity of a Newtonian solution of catalytic enzymes and substrate molecules. The enzyme is modeled as a two-state dimer consisting of two spherical domains connected with an elastic spring. The enzymatic…
A novel mechanism of reaction-induced active molecular motion, not involving any kind of self-propulsion, is proposed and analyzed. Because of the momentum exchange with the surrounding solvent, conformational transitions in…
Diffusive motion of regulatory enzymes on biopolymers with eventual capture at a reaction site is a common feature in cell biology. Using a lattice gas model we study the impact of diffusion and capture for a microtubule polymerase and a…
Enzyme-based systems have been shown to undergo directional motion in response to their substrate gradient. Here, we formulate a kinetic model to analyze the directional movement of an ensemble of protein molecules in response to a gradient…
The effect of conformational fluctuations of modular macromolecules, such as enzymes, on their diffusion properties is addressed using a simple generic model of an asymmetric dumbbell made of two hydrodynamically coupled subunits. It is…