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Concepts of everyday use like energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a precise meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics provides the basis for understanding how heat and work are related and with the general…

统计力学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 D. Reguera , J. M. Rubi , J. M. G. Vilar

Modern physics is largely devoted to study conservation laws, such as charge, energy, linear momentum or angular momentum, because they give us information about the symmetries of our universe. Here, we propose to add the relationship…

In this paper, the expression of the relativistic Maxwell-J\"uttner velocity distribution was deduced in a detailed and didactic way. This distribution was compared with the well-known Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which does not take…

综合物理 · 物理学 2022-02-07 Gilberto Jonas Damião , Clóves Gonçalves Rodrigues

This paper aims to present an elaborate view on the motivation and realization of the idea to extend Maxwell's electrodynamics to Extended Electrodynamics in a reasonable and appropriate way in order to make it possible to describe…

patt-sol · 物理学 2008-02-03 S. Donev , M. Tashkova

This letter reports on a metriplectic formulation of collisional, nonlinear full-$f$ electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory compliant with energy conservation and monotonic entropy production. In an axisymmetric background magnetic field, the…

等离子体物理 · 物理学 2022-07-06 Eero Hirvijoki , Joshua W. Burby , Alain J. Brizard

We consider an inverse boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations, which aims to recover the electromagnetic material properties of a body from measurements on the boundary. We show that a Lipschitz continuous conductivity, electric…

偏微分方程分析 · 数学 2018-07-11 Monika Pichler

The constraint equations in Maxwell theory are investigated. In analogy with some recent results on the constraints of general relativity it is shown, regardless of the signature and dimension of the ambient space, that the "divergence of a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-12-27 István Rácz

The first Kelvin relation that states the Peltier coefficient should be equal to the product of temperature and Seebeck coefficient is a fundamental principle in thermoelectricity. It has been regarded as an important application and direct…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-01-20 Yu-Chao Hua , Ti-Wei Xue , Zeng-Yuan Guo

A proof of the Quadratic Reciprocity Law is presented using a Lemma of Gauss, the theory of finite fields and the Frobenius automorfism.

历史与综述 · 数学 2012-10-30 Math Dicker

We provide a self-consistent extension of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem and the Poynting theorem for media possessing electric and magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar responses related to electric and magnetic fields and field gradients.…

光学 · 物理学 2021-11-10 Karim Achouri , Olivier J. F. Martin

The axiomatic structure of the electromagnetic theory is outlined. We will base classical electrodynamics on (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the Lorentz force, (3) magnetic flux conservation, and (4) on the Maxwell-Lorentz spacetime…

经典物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov

The integral formulation of Maxwell's equations expressed in terms of an arbitrary observer family in a curved spacetime is developed and used to clarify the meaning of the lines of force associated with observer-dependent electric and…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 D. Bini , C. Germani , R. T. Jantzen

The similarity between electromagnetics and hydrodynamics has been noticed for a long time. Maxwell developed an analogy, where the magnetic field and the vector potential in electromagnetics are compared to the vorticity and velocity in…

流体动力学 · 物理学 2023-01-13 Kai-Xin Hu

We present a relativistic formalism inspired on the Minkowski four-vectors that also includes conservation laws such as the first law of thermodynamics. It remains close to the relativistic four-vector formalism developed for a single…

经典物理 · 物理学 2016-06-08 Julio Guemez , Manuel Fiolhais , Luis A. Fernandez

The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…

光学 · 物理学 2015-03-10 Masud Mansuripur

In this note we will present a supplement to Scholz's reciprocity law and discuss applications to the structure of 2-class groups of quadratic number fields.

数论 · 数学 2015-06-17 Franz Lemmermeyer

A bivertical classical field theory include the Newtonian mechanics and Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory as the special cases. This unification allows to recognize the formal analogies among the notions of Newtonian mechanics and…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2009-10-22 Z. Oziewicz

Hydrodynamic equations for an inelastic Maxwell model are derived from the inelastic Boltzmann equation based on a systematic Chapman-Enskog perturbative scheme. Transport coefficients appear in Navier-Stokes order have been determined as a…

统计力学 · 物理学 2016-08-31 Hisao Hayakawa

A close examination of the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of electrodynamics reveals that polarization and magnetization of material media need not be treated as local averages over small volumes - volumes that nevertheless contain a large number…

光学 · 物理学 2014-04-10 Masud Mansuripur

It is now widely accepted that the Maxwell equations of Electrodynamics constitute a self-consistent set of four independent partial differential equations. According to a certain school of thought, however, half of these equations -…

经典物理 · 物理学 2023-06-27 C. J. Papachristou , A. N. Magoulas