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This paper focuses on one small but significant part of a long-term project that aims to improve the interpretation of measured field electron emission (FE) current-voltage [I_m(V_m)] data, and (later) the formulation of FE theory. A new…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2021-07-20 Richard G. Forbes

In field electron emission (FE) studies, it is important to check and analyse the quality and validity of results experimentally obtained from samples, using suitably plotted current-voltage [I(V)] measurements. For the traditional plotting…

应用物理 · 物理学 2020-06-16 Mohammad M. Allam , Richard G. Forbes , Marwan S. Mousa

In field electron emission (FE) studies, to interpret current-voltage data and extract characterization parameters, we use smooth planar metal-like emitter (SPME) methodology and a data-analysis plot. Three types exist: Millikan-Lauritsen…

Field emission (FE) electron sources are made close to atomic-scale to reach the highest spatial resolution as well as stable emission for electron microscopy, electron beam inspection and lithography. At present, no single agreed method…

This article proposes that we should think differently about predicting and interpreting measured field electron emission (FE) current-voltage [I(V)] characteristics. It is commonly assumed that I(V) data interpretation is a problem in…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2023-03-22 Richard G. Forbes

The commonest method of characterizing a cold field electron emitter is to measure its current-voltage characteristics, and the commonest method of analysing these characteristics is by means of a Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot. This…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2016-07-04 Richard G. Forbes , Jonathan H. B. Deane , Andreas Fischer , Marwan S. Mousa

This Comment suggests that technological field electron emission (FE) papers, such as the paper under discussion [P. Serbun et al.,, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083906 (2020)], should use FE theory based on the 1956 work of Murphy and Good (MG),…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2020-12-03 Richard G. Forbes

In field electron emission (FE) studies, it is important to check and analyse the quality and validity of experimental current-voltage data, which is usually plotted in one of a small number of standard forms. These include the so-called…

应用物理 · 物理学 2020-06-16 Mohammad M. Allaham , Richard G. Forbes , Alexander Knapek , Marwan S. Mousa

In papers on cold field electron emission from large area field emitters (LAFEs), it has become widespread practice to publish a misleading Fowler-Nordheim-type (FN-type) equation. This equation over-predicts the LAFE-average current…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2018-12-18 Richard G. Forbes

Electron emission from cathodes in high field gradients is a quantum tunneling effect. The 1928 Fowler-Nordheim field emission (FE) equation and the 1956 Murphy-Good FE equation have traditionally been key in describing cold field…

应用物理 · 物理学 2024-10-03 Moein Borghei , Robin Langtry

Field emission data are often represented on a Fowler--Nordheim plot but a new empirical equation has been recently proposed to better analyze experiments. Such an equation is based on approximations of the Murphy and Good model and…

材料科学 · 物理学 2022-06-10 Anthony Ayari , Pascal Vincent , Sorin Perisanu , Philippe Poncharal , Stephen Purcell

Field electron emission (FE) has relevance in many different technological contexts. However, many related technological papers use a physically defective elementary FE equation for local emission current density (LECD). This equation takes…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 Richard G. Forbes

Representing field emission data on a Fowler--Nordheim plot is both very common and strongly not recommended. It leads to a spurious estimation of the emitter parameters despite a very good data fit. There is a lack of a reliable method of…

材料科学 · 物理学 2023-02-01 Anthony Ayari , Pascal Vincent , Sorin Perisanu , Philippe Poncharal , Stephen Purcell

An important parameter used to characterize large-area field electron emitters (LAFEs) is the characteristic apex field enhancement factor {\gamma}_C. This parameter is normally extracted from the slope of a Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot.…

应用物理 · 物理学 2019-05-31 Richard G. Forbes

This article introduces an improved approach to Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot analysis, based on a new type of intercept correction factor. This factor is more cleanly defined than the factor previously used. General enabling theory is given…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2018-12-19 Richard G. Forbes , Andreas Fischer , Marwan S. Mousa

This paper presents a new methodology for making comparisons between the theory of field electron emission (FE) and experiment, and is intended as a "demonstration of concept". This methodology is based on the value of the exponent kappa…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2022-07-05 Sergey V. Filippov , Anatoly G. Kolosko , Eugeni O. Popov , Richard G. Forbes

Both single emitters and large area field emitters (LAFE) are generally characterized using the slope and intercept of a Murphy-Good (or Fowler-Nordheim) plot which are used to extract the field enhancement factor and the emission area.…

应用物理 · 物理学 2022-02-24 Debabrata Biswas

Field emission formulae, current-voltage characteristics and energy distribution of emitted electrons, are derived analytically for a nonplanar (hyperboloidal) metallic emitter model. The traditional Fowler-Nordheim formulae, which are…

材料科学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Kazuya Yuasa , Ayumi Shimoi , Ichiro Ohba , Chuhei Oshima

For field electron emission (FE), an empirical equation for measured current I_m as a function of measured voltage V_m has the form I_m = C*(V_m)^k*exp[-B/(V_m)], where B is a constant and C and k are constants or vary weakly with V_m.…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2021-02-24 R. G. Forbes , E. O. Popov , A. G. Kolosko , S. V. Filippov

The theories of field electron emission from perfectly planar and smooth canonical surfaces are well understood, but they are not suitable for describing emission from rough, irregular surfaces arising in modern nanoscale electron sources.…

加速器物理 · 物理学 2017-12-21 M. Zubair , Yee Sin Ang , L. K. Ang
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