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Claims from observational studies often fail to replicate. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of cohort studies used in a highly cited meta-analysis of the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and fine…

It is generally acknowledged that claims from observational studies often fail to replicate. An exploratory study was undertaken to assess the reliability of base studies used in meta-analysis of short-term air quality-myocardial infarction…

False-positive results and bias may be common features of the biomedical literature today, including risk factor-chronic disease research. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of base studies used in a meta-analysis examining…

Massive numbers of meta-analysis studies are being published. A Google Scholar search of "systematic review and meta-analysis" returns about 452k hits since 2014. The search was done on Jan 14, 2019. There is a need to have some way to…

P values or risk ratios from multiple, independent studies, observational or randomized, can be computationally combined to provide an overall assessment of a research question in meta-analysis. There is a need to examine the reliability of…

Background: Many researchers have studied the relationship between diet and health. There are papers showing an association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and Type 2 diabetes. Many meta-analyses use individual studies…

[See paper for full abstract] Meta-analysis is a crucial tool for answering scientific questions. It is usually conducted on a relatively small amount of ``trusted'' data -- ideally from randomized, controlled trials -- which allow causal…

Odds ratios or p_values from individual observational studies can be combined to examine a common cause_effect research question in meta_analysis. However, reliability of individual studies used in meta_analysis should not be taken for…

Meta-analyses are commonly performed based on random-effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favour of a common-effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two "study twins" that are performed according…

Meta-analysis, by synthesizing effect estimates from multiple studies conducted in diverse settings, stands at the top of the evidence hierarchy in clinical research. Yet, conventional approaches based on fixed- or random-effects models…

Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods perform poorly when applied to few studies only. Such settings however are commonly encountered in practice. It is unclear, whether or to what extent small-sample-size behaviour can be improved…

Empirical science needs to be based on facts and claims that can be reproduced. This calls for replicating the studies that proclaim the claims, but practice in most fields still fails to implement this idea. When such studies emerged in…

Meta-analysis is routinely performed in many scientific disciplines. This analysis is attractive since discoveries are possible even when all the individual studies are underpowered. However, the meta-analytic discoveries may be entirely…

Background: Risk ratios or p-values from multiple, independent studies, observational or randomized, can be computationally combined to provide an overall assessment of a research question in meta-analysis. However, an irreproducibility…

It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing many hypothesis…

CONTEXT: There is growing interest in establishing software engineering as an evidence-based discipline. To that end, replication is often used to gain confidence in empirical findings, as opposed to reproduction where the goal is showing…

Assessment of replicability is critical to ensure the quality and rigor of scientific research. In this paper, we discuss inference and modeling principles for replicability assessment. Targeting distinct application scenarios, we propose…

Fact-checking is the task of verifying the veracity of claims by assessing their assertions against credible evidence. The vast majority of fact-checking studies focus exclusively on political claims. Very little research explores…

The classical theory for the meta-analysis of $p$-values is based on the assumption that if the overall null hypothesis is true, then all $p$-values used in a chosen combined test statistic are genuine, i.e., are observations from…

Among plausible causes for replicability failure, one that has not received sufficient attention is the environment in which the research is conducted. Consisting of the population, equipment, personnel, and various conditions such as…