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This paper studies a fundamental problem regarding the security of blockchain PoW consensus on how the existence of multiple misbehaving miners influences the profitability of selfish mining. Each selfish miner (or attacker interchangeably)…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-04 Qianlan Bai , Yuedong Xu , Nianyi Liu , Xin Wang

An open distributed system can be secured by requiring participants to present proof of work and rewarding them for participation. The Bitcoin digital currency introduced this mechanism, which is adopted by almost all contemporary digital…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-12-01 Ittay Eyal

Explaining changes in bitcoin's price and predicting its future have been the foci of many research studies. In contrast, far less attention has been paid to the relationship between bitcoin's mining costs and its price. One popular notion…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2022-04-28 John E. Marthinsen , Steven R. Gordon

In the last years, cryptocurrencies are increasingly popular. Even people who are not experts have started to invest in these securities and nowadays cryptocurrency exchanges process transactions for over 100 billion US dollars per month.…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Massimo La Morgia , Alessandro Mei , Francesco Sassi , Julinda Stefa

The dark web has emerged as the state-of-the-art solution for enhanced anonymity. Just like a double-edged sword, it also inadvertently becomes the safety net and breeding ground for illicit activities. Among them, cryptocurrencies have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Pengcheng Xia , Zhou Yu , Kailong Wang , Kai Ma , Shuo Chen , Xiapu Luo , Yajin Zhou , Lei Wu , Guangdong Bai

Malicious URL, a.k.a. malicious website, is a common and serious threat to cybersecurity. Malicious URLs host unsolicited content (spam, phishing, drive-by exploits, etc.) and lure unsuspecting users to become victims of scams (monetary…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-22 Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H. Hoi

A blockchain, such as Bitcoin, is an append-only, secure, transparent, distributed ledger. A fair blockchain is expected to have healthy metrics; high honest mining power, low processing latency, i.e., low wait times for transactions and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-03-03 Shoeb Siddiqui , Ganesh Vanahalli , Sujit Gujar

Bitcoin is the first and undoubtedly most successful cryptocurrecny to date with a market capitalization of more than 100 billion dollars. Today, Bitcoin has more than 100,000 supporting merchants and more than 3 million active users.…

With the popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), NFTs have become a new target of phishing attacks, posing a significant threat to the NFT trading ecosystem. There has been growing anecdotal evidence that new means of NFT phishing attacks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-29 Jingjing Yang , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu

Ransomware operations have evolved from relatively unsophisticated threat actors into highly coordinated cybercrime syndicates that regularly extort millions of dollars in a single attack. Despite dominating headlines and crippling…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-04-25 Ian W. Gray , Jack Cable , Benjamin Brown , Vlad Cuiujuclu , Damon McCoy

A new cybersecurity attack,where an adversary illicitly runs crypto-mining software over the devices of unaware users, is emerging in both the literature and in the wild . This attack, known as cryptojacking, has proved to be very effective…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 Maurantonio Caprolu , Simone Raponi , Gabriele Oligeri , Roberto Di Pietro

Does the proof-of-work protocol serve its intended purpose of supporting decentralized cryptocurrency mining? To address this question, we develop a game-theoretical model where miners first invest in hardware to improve the efficiency of…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2021-06-21 Agostino Capponi , Sveinn Olafsson , Humoud Alsabah

There is an increase in global malware threats. To address this, an encryption-type ransomware has been introduced on the Android operating system. The challenges associated with malicious threats in phone use have become a pressing issue…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Parick Ozoh , John K Omoniyi , Bukola Ibitoye

This paper discusses the mechanisms of cryptocurrency, the idea of using security in the system, and the popularity of it. To begin, the authors provide a background on cryptocurrency and how it works. The authors understand that while most…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Chelsea Medina , Lily Shaw , Dissy Vargas , Sundar Krishnan

Mining attacks enable an adversary to procure a disproportionately large portion of mining rewards by deviating from honest mining practices within the PoW-based blockchain system. In this paper, we demonstrate that the security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Junjie Hu , Na Ruan

Cryptocurrencies are highly volatile financial instruments with more and more new retail investors joining the scene with each passing day. Bitcoin has always proved to determine in which way the rest of the cryptocurrency market is headed…

统计金融 · 定量金融 2024-11-22 Rahul Arulkumaran , Suyash Kumar , Shikha Tomar , Manideep Gongalla , Harshitha

The dramatic adoption of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in the USA has revolutionized the financial landscape and provided unprecedented investment and transaction efficiency opportunities. The prime objective of this research project…

Cybercriminals exploit cryptocurrencies to carry out illicit activities. In this paper, we focus on Ponzi schemes that operate on Bitcoin and perform an in-depth analysis of MMM, one of the oldest and most popular Ponzi schemes. Based on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-12-03 Yazan Boshmaf , Charitha Elvitigala , Husam Al Jawaheri , Primal Wijesekera , Mashael Al Sabah

The consensus protocol named proof of work (PoW) is widely applied by cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Although security of a PoW cryptocurrency is always the top priority, it is threatened by mining attacks like selfish mining. Researchers…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-07-09 Hanqing Liu , Na Ruan , Joseph K. Liu

Ransomware attacks are among the most severe cyber threats. They have made headlines in recent years by threatening the operation of governments, critical infrastructure, and corporations. Collecting and analyzing ransomware data is an…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-05-11 Kris Oosthoek , Jack Cable , Georgios Smaragdakis