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In this article, we will review Noether's Theorems and their application in General Relativity. We will present Noether's Theorems in their original form and restate them as they are usually applied to physics. Some basic equations of…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2021-06-09 Robert J. McLeod

Conservation laws of a class of time-dependent damped nonlinear multidimensional wave equations are derived by Noether's theorem. For arbitrary nonzero damping coefficient and nonlinear interaction term, its infinitesimal variational…

数学物理 · 物理学 2026-05-15 F. Güngör , C. Özemir

Noether's first and second theorems both imply conserved currents that can be identified as an energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The first theorem identifies the EMT as the conserved current associated with global spacetime translations, while…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-01-16 Adam Freese

Noether's theorem connects symmetries to invariants in continuous systems, however its extension to discrete systems has remained elusive. Recognizing the lowest-order finite difference as the foundation of local continuity, a viable method…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-06-04 Samuel Richard Totorica

A didatic approach of the Noether's theorem in classical mechanics is derived and used to obtain the laws of conservation.

经典物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Rubens de Melo Marinho

Noether's theorem is a cornerstone of analytical mechanics, making the link between symmetries and conserved quantities. In this article, I propose a simple, geometric derivation of this theorem that circumvents the usual difficulties that…

经典物理 · 物理学 2025-02-28 Bahram Houchmandzadeh

A simple implementation of Noether's theorem for discrete symmetries in relativistic continuum field theories is presented. The associated conserved current is exemplified by charge conjugation and a cyclic symmetry. In addition, the…

综合物理 · 物理学 2026-02-09 Gerhart Seidl

Noether's theorem is reviewed with a particular focus on an intermediate step between global and local gauge and coordinate transformations, namely linear transformations. We rederive the well known result that global symmetry leads to…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 M. Leclerc

Noether's theorem and the invariances of the Willmore functional are used to derive conservation laws that are satisfied by the critical points of the Willmore energy subject to generic constraints. We recover in particular previous results…

微分几何 · 数学 2014-09-25 Yann Bernard

Noether's Theorem is familiar to most physicists due its fundamental role in linking the existence of conservation laws to the underlying symmetries of a physical system. Typically the systems are described in the particle-based context of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-05-04 Sophie Hermann , Matthias Schmidt

A simple local proof of Noether's Second Theorem is given. This proof immediately leads to a generalization of the theorem, yielding conservation laws and/or explicit relationships between the Euler--Lagrange equations of any variational…

数学物理 · 物理学 2015-05-27 Peter E. Hydon , Elizabeth L. Mansfield

The Noether theorem connecting symmetries and conservation laws can be applied directly in a Hamiltonian framework without using any intermediate Lagrangian formulation. This requires a careful discussion about the invariance of the…

综合物理 · 物理学 2016-06-14 Amaury Mouchet

Noether's theorem is a fundamental result in physics stating that every symmetry of the dynamics implies a conservation law. It is, however, deficient in several respects: (i) it is not applicable to dynamics wherein the system interacts…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-05-16 Iman Marvian , Robert W. Spekkens

We exploit an ambiguity somewhat hidden in Noether's theorem to derive systematically, for relativistic field theories, the stress-energy tensor's improvement terms that are associated with additional spacetime symmetries beyond…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2022-12-28 Ioanna Kourkoulou , Alberto Nicolis , Guanhao Sun

We present a general algorithm constructing a discretization of a classical field theory from a Lagrangian. We prove a new discrete Noether theorem relating symmetries to conservation laws and an energy conservation theorem not based on any…

数学物理 · 物理学 2023-09-14 Mikhail Skopenkov

Emmy Noether proved two deep theorems, and their converses, on the connection between symmetries and conservation laws. Because these theorems are not in the mainstream of her scholarly work, which was the development of modern abstract…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Nina Byers

In the summer of 1918, Emmy Noether published the theorem that now bears her name, establishing a profound two-way connection between symmetries and conservation laws. The influence of this insight is pervasive in physics; it underlies all…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2019-07-11 Chris Quigg

We will read, through the Emmy Noether paper and the two concepts of `proper' and `improper' conservation laws, the problem, posed by Hilbert, of the nature of the law of conservation of energy in the theory of General Relativity.…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2021-01-06 M. Palese , E. Winterroth

This paper has three main aims: first, to give a pedagogical introduction to Noether's two theorems and their implications for energy conservation in general relativity, which was a central point of discussion between Hilbert, Klein,…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2021-04-01 Sebastian De Haro

Noether's theorems are widely praised as some of the most beautiful and useful results in physics. However, if one reads the majority of standard texts and literature on the application of Noether's first theorem to field theory, one…

物理学史与哲学 · 物理学 2021-07-23 Mark Robert Baker , Niels Linnemann , Chris Smeenk
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