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Fault tolerance in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) deployed on resource-constrained systems presents unique challenges for high-accuracy applications with strict timing requirements. Memory bit-flips can severely degrade DNN accuracy, while…

Diffusion models have achieved impressive generative quality across modalities like 2D images, videos, and 3D shapes, but their inference remains computationally expensive due to the iterative denoising process. While recent caching-based…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Mengyu Yang , Yanming Yang , Chenyi Xu , Chenxi Song , Yufan Zuo , Tong Zhao , Ruibo Li , Chi Zhang

The increasing density of transistors in Integrated Circuits (ICs) has enabled the development of highly integrated Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) and, more recently, Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs). To address scalability challenges in…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Rodrigo Cataldo , Cesar Marcon , Debora Matos

Dense 3D reconstruction from continuous image streams requires both accurate geometric aggregation and stable long-term memory management. Recent feed-forward reconstruction frameworks integrate observations through persistent memory…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Feifei Li , Qi Song , Chi Zhang , Rui Huang

Our ISCA 2013 paper provides a fundamental empirical understanding of two major factors that make it very difficult to determine the minimum data retention time of a DRAM cell, based on the first comprehensive experimental characterization…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-06-29 Onur Mutlu

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is computationally intensive but arrays of non-volatile memories like Charge Trap Flash (CTF) can accelerate DNN operations using in-memory computing. Specifically, the Resistive Processing Unit (RPU)…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Shalini Shrivastava , Vivek Saraswat , Gayatri Dash , Samyak Chakrabarty , Udayan Ganguly

The increasing number of threads inside the cores of a multicore processor, and competitive access to the shared cache memory, become the main reasons for an increased number of competitive cache misses and performance decline. Inevitably,…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2017-01-09 Milcho Prisagjanec , Pece Mitrevski

Caching is crucial for enabling high-throughput networks for data intensive applications. Traditional caching technology relies on DRAM, as it can transfer data at a high rate. However, DRAM capacity is subject to contention by most system…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-10-12 Faruk Volkan Mutlu , Edmund Yeh

The most important challenge in the scaling down of flash memory is its increased inter-cell interference (ICI). If side information about ICI is known to the encoder, the flash memory channel can be viewed as similar to Costa's "writing on…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2015-02-11 Yongjune Kim , B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar

Modern multicore processors are employing large last-level caches, for example Intel's E7-8800 processor uses 24MB L3 cache. Further, with each CMOS technology generation, leakage energy has been dramatically increasing and hence, leakage…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2013-10-17 Sparsh Mittal

3D NAND enables continuous NAND density and cost scaling beyond conventional 2D NAND. However, its poly-Si channel suffers from low mobility, large device variations, and instability caused by grain boundaries. Here, we overcome these…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2022-12-19 Chen Sun , Chao Li , Subhranu Samanta , Kaizhen Han , Zijie Zheng , Jishen Zhang , Qiwen Kong , Haiwen Xu , Zuopu Zhou , Yue Chen , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni , Xunzhao Yin , Xiao Gong

The growing prevalence of data-intensive workloads, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), high-performance computing (HPC), in-memory databases, and real-time analytics, has exposed limitations in conventional memory…

Generational improvements to commodity DRAM throughout half a century have long solidified its prevalence as main memory across the computing industry. However, overcoming today's DRAM technology scaling challenges requires new solutions…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-01-30 Minesh Patel , Taha Shahroodi , Aditya Manglik , Abdullah Giray Yağlıkçı , Ataberk Olgun , Haocong Luo , Onur Mutlu

To mitigate the impact of noise and interference on multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory with the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we propose a dynamic write-voltage design scheme considering the asymmetric property of raw bit…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-09-07 Runbin Cai , Yi Fang , Zhifang Shi , Lin Dai , Guojun Han

We have modified a commercial NOR flash memory array to enable high-precision tuning of individual floating-gate cells for analog computing applications. The modified array area per cell in a 180 nm process is about 1.5 um^2. While this…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2016-10-10 F. Merrikh Bayat , X. Guo , H. A. Ommani , N. Do , K. K. Likharev , D. B. Strukov

Memory is fundamental to intelligence, enabling learning, reasoning, and adaptability across biological and artificial systems. While Transformer architectures excel at sequence modeling, they face critical limitations in long-range context…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Parsa Omidi , Xingshuai Huang , Axel Laborieux , Bahareh Nikpour , Tianyu Shi , Armaghan Eshaghi

As the size of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models and datasets grows, the memory bandwidth becomes a critical bottleneck. The paper presents a novel extended memory hierarchy that addresses some major memory…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Jordi Altayo , Paul Delestrac , David Novo , Simey Yang , Debjyoti Bhattacharjee , Francky Catthoor

As AI workloads drive increasing memory requirements, domain-specific accelerators need higher-density on-chip memory beyond what current SRAM scaling trends can provide. Simultaneously, the vast amounts of short-lived data in these…

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

In modern solid-state drives (SSDs), the indexing of flash pages is a critical component in their storage controllers. It not only affects the data access performance, but also determines the efficiency of the precious in-device DRAM…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2023-01-03 Jinghan Sun , Shaobo Li , Yunxin Sun , Chao Sun , Dejan Vucinic , Jian Huang