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The role of the observers is frequently obscured in the literature, either by writing equations in a coordinate system implicitly pertaining to some specific observer or by entangling the invariance and the observer dependence of physical…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2013-05-14 Bruno Klajn , Ivica Smolić

The conventional discussion of apparent distortions of space and time in Special Relativity (the Lorentz-Fitzgerald Contraction and Time Dilatation) is extended by considering observations of : (i) moving objects of limited lifetime in…

科普物理 · 物理学 2009-10-01 J. H. Field

The von Neumann interaction between a particle and an apparatus has been considered in the measurement of the position of a particle when the interaction lasts for a finite amount of time. When the measurement has finite duration, both the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Francesc S. Roig

A class of diffeomorphism invariant, physical observables, so-called astrometric observables, is introduced. A particularly simple example, the time delay, which expresses the difference between two initially synchronized proper time clocks…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2012-06-26 Igor Khavkine

Standard treatments of general relativity accept the gravitational slowing of clocks as a primary phenomenon, requiring no further analysis as to cause. Rejecting this attitude, I argue that one or more of the fundamental "constants"…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 John E. Heighway

Two thought experiments are described in which ruler measurements of spatial intervals are performed in different reference frames. They demonstrate that such intervals are frame-independent as well as independent of the nature of the…

综合物理 · 物理学 2013-07-31 J. H. Field

We use results by Kirilin to show that in general relativity the nonleading terms in the energy-momentum tensor of a particle depends on the parameterization of the gravitational field. While the classical metric that is calculated from…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , John F. Donoghue , Barry R. Holstein

The concept of an observer and their associated rest space is defined in a pre-metric (i.e., projective-geometric) context that relates to time+space decompositions of the tangent bundle to space-time. The transformation from one observer…

经典物理 · 物理学 2020-02-25 D. H. Delphenich

In a recent paper (hep-th/0103228) a new initial value formulation of fermionic QFT was presented that is applicable to an arbitrary observer in any electromagnetic background. This approach suggests a consistent particle interpretation at…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Carl E. Dolby , Stephen F. Gull

The Maxwell equations are formulated on an arbitrary (1+3)-dimensional manifold. Then, imposing a (constrained) linear constitutive relation between electromagnetic field $(E,B)$ and excitation $({\cal D},{\cal H})$, we derive the metric of…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Yuri N. Obukhov , Friedrich W. Hehl

We show that it is possible to equate the intensity reduction of a light wave caused by weak absorption with a geometrical reduction in intensity caused by a "transverse" conformal transformation of the spacetime metric in which the wave…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 Bin Chen , Ronald Kantowski

From general relativity we have learned the principles of general covariance and local Lorentz invariance, which follow from the fact that we consider observables as tensors on a spacetime manifold whose geometry is modeled by a Lorentzian…

数学物理 · 物理学 2014-09-12 Manuel Hohmann

The cause for first and second order electromagnetic equivalency of inertial systems is approached from a different point of view than that of special relativity. While special relativity applies dilatation to time and contraction to space…

综合物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 G. Sardin

We explore the intimate connection between spacetime geometry and electrodynamics. This link is already implicit in the constitutive relations between the field strengths and excitations, which are an essential part of the axiomatic…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2017-02-14 Francisco Cabral , Francisco S. N. Lobo

Characteristics of observers in relativity theory are critically examined. For field measurements in Minkowski spacetime, the Bohr-Rosenfeld principle implies that the connection between actual (i.e., noninertial) and inertial observers…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-06-12 B. Mashhoon

Several recent studies have been devoted to investigating the limitations that ordinary quantum mechanics and/or quantum gravity might impose on the measurability of space-time observables. These analyses are often confined to the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2014-11-18 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia , John Stachel

We point out that, if one accepts the view that the standard second on an atomic clock is dilated at low gravitational potential (ordinary gravitational time dilation), then the standard meter must also be dilated at low gravitational…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-02-18 Richard J. Cook

We investigate the limitations of length measurements by accelerated observers in Minkowski spacetime brought about via the hypothesis of locality, namely, the assumption that an accelerated observer at each instant is equivalent to an…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2017-09-27 Bahram Mashhoon , Uwe Muench

Founding our analysis on the Geneva-Brussels approach to the foundations of physics, we provide a clarification and classification of the key concept of observation. An entity can be observed with or without a scope. In the second case, the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-19 Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

We consider inverse problems for the Einstein equation with a time-depending metric on a 4-dimensional globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold $(M,g)$. We formulate the concept of active measurements for relativistic models. We do this by…

偏微分方程分析 · 数学 2013-05-30 Yaroslav Kurylev , Matti Lassas , Gunther Uhlmann