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In active learning, membership queries (MQs) allow a learner to pose questions to a teacher, such as ''Is every apple a fruit?'', to which the teacher responds correctly with yes or no. These MQs can be viewed as subsumption tests with…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Haoruo Zhao , Wenshuo Tang , Duncan Guthrie , Michele Sevegnani , David Flynn , Paul Harvey

The Bloom filter (BF) is a well-known space-efficient data structure that answers set membership queries with some probability of false positives. In an attempt to solve many of the limitations of current inter-networking architectures,…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2010-01-20 Christian Esteve Rothenberg , Carlos A. Macapuna , Fabio L. Verdi , Mauricio F. Magalhaes , Alexander Wiesmaier

In a partitioned Bloom Filter the $m$ bit vector is split into $k$ disjoint $m/k$ sized parts, one per hash function. Contrary to hardware designs, where they prevail, software implementations mostly adopt standard Bloom filters,…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2022-11-10 Paulo Sérgio Almeida

We present a version of the Bloom filter data structure that supports not only the insertion, deletion, and lookup of key-value pairs, but also allows a complete listing of its contents with high probability, as long the number of key-value…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2015-10-06 Michael T. Goodrich , Michael Mitzenmacher

Some transformer attention heads appear to function as membership testers, dedicating themselves to answering the question "has this token appeared before in the context?" We identify these heads across four language models (GPT-2 small,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Peter Balogh

Adaptive filters, such as telescoping and adaptive cuckoo filters, update their representation upon detecting a false positive to avoid repeating the same error in the future. Adaptive filters require an auxiliary structure, typically much…

Bloom filters are data structures used to determine set membership of elements, with applications from string matching to networking and security problems. These structures are favored because of their reduced memory consumption and fast…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-02-21 Ethan Madison , Zachary Zipper

We introduce a data structure that allows for efficient (probabilistic) presence proofs and non-probabilistic absence proofs in a bandwidth efficient and secure way. The Bloom tree combines the idea of Bloom filters with that of Merkle…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2020-02-20 Lum Ramabaja , Arber Avdullahu

With the growing scale of big data, probabilistic structures receive increasing popularity for efficient approximate storage and query processing. For example, Bloom filters (BF) can achieve satisfactory performance for approximate…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2019-12-17 Yue Fu , Rong Du , Haibo Hu , Man Ho Au , Dagang Li

The Distributed Bloom Filter is a space-efficient, probabilistic data structure designed to perform more efficient set reconciliations in distributed systems. It guarantees eventual consistency of states between nodes in a system, while…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2020-02-20 Lum Ramabaja , Arber Avdullahu

To enable broader deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is essential to identify the best-performing model under strict memory constraints. We present AMQ, Automated Mixed-Precision Weight-Only Quantization, a framework that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Sangjun Lee , Seung-taek Woo , Jungyu Jin , Changhun Lee , Eunhyeok Park

Bloom Filter is a probabilistic data structure for the membership query, and it has been intensely experimented in various fields to reduce memory consumption and enhance a system's performance. Bloom Filter is classified into two key…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2021-06-09 Sabuzima Nayak , Ripon Patgiri

Bloom filters are widely used data structures that compactly represent sets of elements. Querying a Bloom filter reveals if an element is not included in the underlying set or is included with a certain error rate. This membership testing…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2022-08-08 Angjela Davitkova , Damjan Gjurovski , Sebastian Michel

Bloom Filters are a space-efficient data structure used for the testing of membership in a set that errs only in the False Positive direction. However, the standard analysis that measures this False Positive rate provides a form of worst…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Kahlil Dozier , Loqman Salamatian , Dan Rubenstein

We suggest a method for holding a dictionary data structure, which maps keys to values, in the spirit of Bloom Filters. The space requirements of the dictionary we suggest are much smaller than those of a hashtable. We allow storing n keys,…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2008-04-14 Ely Porat

Learned Bloom Filters, i.e., models induced from data via machine learning techniques and solving the approximate set membership problem, have recently been introduced with the aim of enhancing the performance of standard Bloom Filters,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Dario Malchiodi , Davide Raimondi , Giacomo Fumagalli , Raffaele Giancarlo , Marco Frasca

Where distributed agents must share voluminous set membership information, Bloom filters provide a compact, though lossy, way for them to do so. Numerous recent networking papers have examined the trade-offs between the bandwidth consumed…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Benoit Donnet , Bruno Baynat , Timur Friedman

A Bloom filter is a space efficient structure for storing static sets, where the space efficiency is gained at the expense of a small probability of false-positives. A Bloomier filter generalizes a Bloom filter to compactly store a function…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2008-07-08 Denis Charles , Kumar Chellapilla

When does a large language model (LLM) know what it does not know? Uncertainty quantification (UQ) provides measures of uncertainty, such as an estimate of the confidence in an LLM's generated output, and is therefore increasingly…

Set queries are fundamental operations in computer systems and applications.This paper addresses the fundamental problem of designing a probabilistic data structure that can quickly process set queries using a small amount of memory. We…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2016-03-23 Tong Yang , Alex X. Liu , Muhammad Shahzad , Yuankun Zhong , Qiaobin Fu , Zi Li , Gaogang Xie , Xiaoming Li