相关论文: On gauge dependence of gravitational waves from a …

The finite-temperature effective potential customarily employed to describe the physics of cosmological phase transitions often relies on specific gauge choices, and is manifestly not gauge-invariant at finite order in its perturbative…

The vacuum decay in the early Universe should be gauge-invariant. In this work, we study the gauge dependence of the vacuum decay occurring through a first-order phase transition and the associated gravitational wave production. We…

In this paper we consider a minimal classically conformal U(1) model of fermionic dark matter. We calculate the one loop effective potential which generates the mass scale quantum mechanically via dimensional transmutaion in the spirit of…

In principle, observables as for example the sphaleron rate or the tunneling rate in a first-order phase transition are gauge-independent. However, in practice a gauge dependence is introduced in explicit perturbative calculations due to…

In a vacuum first-order phase transition, gravitational waves are generated from collision of bubbles of the true vacuum. The spectrum from such collisions takes the form of a broken power law. We consider a toy model for such a phase…

We investigate first order phase transitions arising from hidden sectors which are in thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model bath in the Early Universe. Focusing on two simplified scenarios, an higgsed U(1) and a two scalar singlet…

In a wide class of new physics models, there exist scalar fields that obtain vacuum expectation values of high energy scales. We study the possibility that the standard model Higgs field has experienced first order phase transition at the…

In this review we look into the gauge-dependence of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) that are second-order tensors produced by first-order scalar-modes. The method includes deriving the background, first- and second-order Einstein…

We investigate in details the gravitational wave (GW) from the first-order phase transition (PT) in the extended standard model of particle physics with a dimension-six operator, which is capable of exhibiting the recently discovered slow…

A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as the gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor…

We study the cosmological history of the classical conformal $B-L$ gauge extension of the standard model, in which the physical scales are generated via the Coleman-Weinberg-type symmetry breaking. Especially, we consider the thermal phase…

In this work, we investigate the relation between higher-dimensional gauge theories and stochastic gravitational wave (GW) spectrums caused by their potential. It is known that the higher-dimensional gauge theories can induce the…

We discuss gravitational waves in an electroweakly interacting vector dark matter model. In the model, the electroweak gauge symmetry is extended to SU(2)$_0 \times$ SU(2)$_1 \times$SU(2)$_2 \times$ U(1)$_Y$ and spontaneously broken into…

We critically examine the magnitude of theoretical uncertainties in perturbative calculations of first-order phase transitions, using the Standard Model effective field theory as our guide. In the usual daisy-resummed approach, we find…

At second-order, scalar perturbations can source traceless and transverse perturbations to the metric, called induced gravitational waves (IGW). The apparent gauge-dependence of the IGW obscures the interpretation of the stochastic…

We revisit and clarify the gauge dependence of gravitational waves generated at second order from scalar perturbations. In a universe dominated by a perfect fluid with a constant equation-of-state parameter $w$, we compute the energy…

This project is aimed at studying the first-order phase transitions, that is presumed to have ensued in the early universe, and its consequences on the primordial gravitational waves. The effects of bubble nucleation, growth, and…

In this letter we explore the dependence on the gauge fixing condition of several quantities in the U(1) Higgs model at finite temperature and chemical potential. We compute the effective potential at the one loop level, using a gauge…

We investigate the gravitational wave background from a first order phase transition in a matter-dominated universe, and show that it has a unique feature from which important information about the properties of the phase transition and…

We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…