相关论文: The stochastic growth of metal whiskers
Metal whiskers often grow across leads of electric equipment and electronic package causing current leakage or short circuits and raising significant reliability issues. The nature of metal whiskers remains a mystery after several decades…
Needle shaped whiskers grow on various metal surfaces often across leads of a package causing current leakage or short circuits and raising reliability issues in electronic components. The nature of metal whiskers remains a mystery after…
The existence of metal whiskers is attributed to the energy gain due to electrostatic polarization of needle shaped metal filaments in the electric field induced by surface imperfections: contaminations, oxide states, etc. A proposed theory…
We present TEM images of the interior of metal whiskers (MW) grown on electroplated Sn films. Along with earlier published information, our observations focus on a number of questions, such as why MWs' diameters are in the micron range…
In this work, a very high, locally applied electric field was used to induce whisker nucleation on an Sn film. The field was generated by using a conductive AFM tip and applying a voltage bias between the sample and the conductive…
Crack growth is the basic mechanism leading to the failure of brittle materials. Engineering addresses this problem within the framework of continuum mechanics, which links deterministically the crack motion to the applied loading. Such an…
A quasi-linear theory is presented for how randomly forced, barotropic velocity fluctuations cause an exponentially-growing, large-scale (mean) magnetic dynamo in the presence of a uniform shear flow, $\vec{U} = S x \vec{e}_y$. It is a…
The properties of slow crack growth in brittle materials are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. We propose a model based on a thermally activated rupture process. Considering a 2D spring network submitted to an external load…
Buckling instabilities driven by tissue growth underpin key developmental events such as the folding of the brain. Tissue growth is disordered due to cell-to-cell variability, but the effects of this variability on buckling are unknown.…
Recently, we have revealed an intrinsic instability of metals due to surface plasma waves (SPWs) and raised the prospect of using it to create lossless SPWs. The counter-intuitive nature of this finding prompts one to ask, why had not this…
Needle-like metallic particles have been suggested to explain a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena, ranging from the mid-infrared interstellar extinction to the thermalization of starlight to generate the cosmic microwave background.…
Inhomogeneities in deposition may lead to formation of rough surfaces, whose height fluctuations can be probed directly by scanning microscopy, or indirectly by scattering. Analytical or numerical treatments of simple growth models suggest…
The analytical theory of non-linear generation of large-scale magnetic turbulence in anisotropic magnetoactive plasma in the quasilinear approximation without taking into account the direct non-linear interaction of individual harmonics is…
The theory of transient growth describes how linear mechanisms can cause temporary amplification of disturbances even when the linearized system is asymptotically stable as defined by its eigenvalues. This growth is traditionally quantified…
Whistler mode wave is a fundamental perturbation of electromagnetic fields and plasmas in various environments including planetary space, laboratory and astrophysics. The origin and evolution of the waves are a long-standing question due to…
We study weakly disordered quantum wires whose width is large compared to the Fermi wavelength. It is conjectured that such wires diplay universal metallic behaviour as long as their length is shorter than the localization length (which…
Stress enhancement in the vicinity of brittle cracks makes the macro-scale failure properties extremely sensitive to the micro-scale material disorder. Therefore: (i) Fracturing systems often display a jerky dynamics, so-called crackling…
We investigate the behavior of the magneto-rotational instability in the limit of extremely weak magnetic field, i.e., as the ratio of ion cyclotron frequency to orbital frequency (X) becomes small. Considered only in terms of cold…
Examination of the temporal variability properties of several strong optical recombination lines in a large sample of Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars reveals possible trends, especially in the more homogeneous WC than the diverse WN…
We analyze the linear growth of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the short time limit using nonmodal methods. Our findings are quite different to standard results, illustrating that shearing wave energy can grow at the maximum MRI…