相关论文: Spin Angular Momentum of Proton Spin Puzzle in Com…
The paper aims to adopt the complex octonion to formulate the angular momentum, torque, and force etc in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Applying the octonionic representation enables one single definition of angular momentum…
The paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the precessional angular velocities of several particles in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. Some scholars utilize the octonions to research the electromagnetic and gravitational…
The paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the contribution of some influence factors to magnetic moments, revealing the connection among the influence factors and spin texture. J. C. Maxwell was the first to introduce the quaternions…
The paper focuses on applying the octonions to explore the influence of the external torque on the angular momentum of fluid elements, revealing the interconnection of the external torque and the vortices of vortex streets. J. C. Maxwell…
In the last decade, it has been realized that the orbital angular momentum of partons inside the nucleon plays a major role. It contributes significantly to nucleon properties and is at the origin of many asymmetries observed in spin…
We discuss the orbital angular momentum of partons inside a longitudinally polarized proton in the recently proposed framework of spin decomposition. The quark orbital angular momentum defined by Ji can be decomposed into the `canonical'…
Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of…
The paper aims to apply the algebra of octonions to explore the contributions of external derivative of electric moments and so forth on the induced electric currents, revealing a few major influencing factors relevant to the direct and…
The paper aims to extend major equations in the electromagnetic and gravitational theories from the flat space into the complex octonion curved space. Maxwell applied simultaneously the quaternion analysis and vector terminology to describe…
Understanding the spin structure of the proton is one of the main challenges in hadronic physics. While the concepts of spin and orbital angular momentum are pretty clear in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, the…
The orbital angular momentum is one of the least understood of the spin characteristics of a proton. There are no direct ways to model the orbital angular momentum. However, the Jz=1/2 sum rule includes an angular momentum component and can…
We discuss the tremendous progress that has been towards an understanding of how the spin of the proton is distributed on its quark and gluon constituents. This is a problem that began in earnest twenty years ago with the discovery of the…
The proton spin puzzle issue focused the attention on the parton spin and orbital angular momentum contributions to the proton spin. However, a complete characterization of the proton spin structure requires also the knowledge of the parton…
The paper aims to apply the complex-octonions to explore the variable gravitational mass and energy gradient of several particles in the external ultra-strong magnetic fields. J. C. Maxwell was the first to introduce the algebra of…
The relatively small fraction of the spin of the proton carried by its quarks presents a major challenge to our understanding of the strong interaction. Traditional efforts to explore this problem have involved new and imaginative…
It is shown that the momentum density of free electromagnetic field splits into two parts. One has no contribution to the net momentum due to the transversality condition. The other yields all the momentum. The angular momentum that…
The orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons contributes significantly to the proton spin budget and attracted a lot of attention in the recent years, both theoretically and experimentally. We summarize the various definitions of…
Determination of the orbital angular momentum of the proton is a difficult but important part of understanding fundamental structure. Insight can be gained from suitable models of the gluon asymmetry applied to the Jz = 1/2 sum rule. We…
Using the equations of motion of QCD and Lorentz invariance relations, we show a new, more direct way of obtaining the decomposition of the proton's quark transverse angular momentum into its spin and orbital components. The new…
The quark orbital angular momentum component of proton spin, $L_q$, can be defined in QCD as the integral of a Wigner phase space distribution weighting the cross product of the quark's transverse position and momentum. It can also be…