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A key goal of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) hazard analysis technique is the identification of loss scenarios - causal factors that could potentially lead to an accident. We propose an approach that aims to assist engineers…

Context: Today's safety critical systems are increasingly reliant on software. Software becomes responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Many different safety analysis techniques have been developed to identify hazards of…

Formal verification and testing are complementary approaches which are used in the development process to verify the functional correctness of software. However, the correctness of software cannot ensure the safe operation of…

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a systematic approach for hazard analysis that has been used across many industrial sectors including transportation, energy, and defense. The unstoppable trend of using Machine Learning (ML) in…

All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…

Self-adaptive systems are able to change their behaviour at run-time in response to changes. Self-adaptation is an important strategy for managing uncertainty that is present during the design of modern systems, such as autonomous vehicles.…

Safety analysis is used to identify hazards and build knowledge during the design phase of safety-relevant functions. This is especially true for complex AI-enabled and software intensive systems such as Autonomous Drive (AD).…

As autonomous driving technology continues to advance, end-to-end models have attracted considerable attention owing to their superior generalisation capability. Nevertheless, such learning-based systems entail numerous safety risks…

In many safety-critical engineering domains, hazard analysis techniques are an essential part of requirement elicitation. Of the methods proposed for this task, STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) represents a relatively recent…

Software safety is a crucial aspect during the development of modern safety-critical systems. Software is becoming responsible for most of the critical functions of systems. Therefore, the software components in the systems need to be…

The in-vehicle diagnostic and software update system, which supports remote diagnostic and Over-The-Air (OTA) software updates, is a critical attack goal in automobiles. Adversaries can inject malicious software into vehicles or steal…

Research on automated vehicles has experienced an explosive growth over the past decade. A main obstacle to their practical realization, however, is a convincing safety concept. This question becomes ever more important as more…

The project Automated Unmanned Protective Vehicle for Highway Hard Shoulder Road Works (aFAS) aims to develop an unmanned protective vehicle to reduce the risk of injuries due to crashes for road workers. To ensure functional safety during…

For future application of automated vehicles in public traffic, ensuring functional safety is essential. In this context, a hazard analysis and risk assessment is an important input for designing functionally vehicle automation systems. In…

With the rapid advancement of Formal Methods, Model-based Safety Analysis (MBSA) has been gaining tremendous attention for its ability to rigorously verify whether the safety-critical scenarios are adequately addressed by the design…

With the advent of ISO 26262 there is an increased emphasis on top-down design in the automotive industry. ISO 26262 lacks detailed requirements for its various constituent phases. The lack of guidance becomes evident for the reuse of…

To effectively address potential harms from AI systems, it is essential to identify and mitigate system-level hazards. Current analysis approaches focus on individual components of an AI system, like training data or models, in isolation,…

Machine learning (ML) components are increasingly integrated into software products, yet their complexity and inherent uncertainty often lead to unintended and hazardous consequences, both for individuals and society at large. Despite these…

System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a recommended method for analysing complex systems, capable of identifying thousands of safety requirements often missed by traditional techniques such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)…

Teleoperation is becoming an essential feature in automated vehicle concepts, as it will help the industry overcome challenges facing automated vehicles today. Teleoperation follows the idea to get humans back into the loop for certain rare…