相关论文: Bypassing damaged nervous tissue

We consider artificial neurons which will update their weight coefficients with an internal rule based on backpropagation, rather than using it as an external training procedure. To achieve this we include the backpropagation error estimate…

A concept of bypass rewiring is introduced and random bypass rewiring is analytically and numerically investigated with simulations. Our results show that bypass rewiring makes networks robust against removal of nodes including random…

Unlike the brain, artificial neural networks, including state-of-the-art deep neural networks for computer vision, are subject to "catastrophic forgetting": they rapidly forget the previous task when trained on a new one. Neuroscience…

This article describes a new type of artificial neuron, called the authors "cyberneuron". Unlike classical models of artificial neurons, this type of neuron used table substitution instead of the operation of multiplication of input values…

In this paper, we examine how deep learning can be utilized to investigate neural health and the difficulties in interpreting neurological analyses within algorithmic models. The key contribution of this paper is the investigation of the…

Previous works proved that the combination of the linear neuron network with nonlinear activation functions (e.g. ReLu) can achieve nonlinear function approximation. However, simply widening or deepening the network structure will introduce…

We introduce a model for an artificial neuron which is based on ballistic transport in a multi-terminal device. Unlike standard configurations, the proposed design embeds the synaptic weights into the active region, thus significantly…

The opacity of neural networks leads their vulnerability to backdoor attacks, where hidden attention of infected neurons is triggered to override normal predictions to the attacker-chosen ones. In this paper, we propose a novel backdoor…

Transfer learning with models pretrained on ImageNet has become a standard practice in computer vision. Transfer learning refers to fine-tuning pretrained weights of a neural network on a downstream task, typically unrelated to ImageNet.…

Objective: We confirm that alteration of a neuron structure can induce abnormalities in signal propagation for nervous systems, as observed in brain damage. Here, we investigate the effects of geometrical changes and damage of a neuron…

A neural network mechanism that can compensate for poor optical quality was recently discovered in a biological context. We propose that this mechanism can and should be adopted for astronomical purposes. This would shift emphasis away from…

Neurons primarily communicate through the emission of action potentials, or spikes. To generate a spike, a neuron's membrane potential must cross a defined threshold. Does this spiking mechanism inherently prevent neurons from transmitting…

Myelinated neurons are characterized by the presence of myelin, a multilaminated wrapping around the axons formed by specialized neuroglial cells. Myelin acts as an electrical insulator and therefore, in myelinated neurons, the action…

Existing approaches to combine both additive and multiplicative neural units either use a fixed assignment of operations or require discrete optimization to determine what function a neuron should perform. This leads either to an…

In this paper we present a methodology to address the problem of brain tissue deformation referred to as 'brain-shift'. This deformation occurs throughout a neurosurgery intervention and strongly alters the accuracy of the neuronavigation…

In contrast to biological neural circuits, conventional artificial neural networks are commonly organized as strictly hierarchical architectures that exclude direct connections among neurons within the same layer. Consequently, information…

Until recently, artificial neural networks were typically designed with a fixed network structure. Here, I argue that network structure is highly relevant to function, and therefore neural networks should be livewired (Eagleman 2020):…

The aim of this work is to develop a neural network for modelling incompressible hyperelastic behaviour with isotropic damage, the so-called Mullins effect. This is obtained through the use of feed-forward neural networks with special…

The use of pretrained models from general computer vision tasks is widespread in remote sensing, significantly reducing training costs and improving performance. However, this practice also introduces vulnerabilities to downstream tasks,…

Under many physiological and pathological conditions such as division and migration, cells undergo dramatic deformations, under which their mechanical integrity is supported by cytoskeletal networks (i.e. intermediate filaments, F-actin,…