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The nodes of a regular two-dimensional lattice play a game based on the joint action of two distinct levels. At the first step of the game, using a random prescription half players are assigned the cooperation and half the defection state.…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2015-12-02 Korosh Mahmoodi , Paolo Grigolini

Cooperators forgo their interest to benefit others. Thus cooperation should not be favored by natural selection. It challenges the evolutionists, since cooperation is widespread. As one of the resolutions, information spreading has been…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2019-10-23 Bin Wu , Hye Jin Park , Lingshan Wu , Da Zhou

Cooperation is ubiquitous ranging from multicellular organisms to human societies. Population structures indicating individuals' limited interaction ranges are crucial to understand this issue. But it is still at large to what extend…

生物物理 · 物理学 2014-04-18 Aming Li , Bin Wu , Long Wang

The development of cooperative relations within and between firms plays an important role in the successful implementation of business strategy. How to produce such relations is less well understood. We build on work in relational contract…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2012-03-07 Dan Ladley , Ian Wilkinson , Louise Young

Individual migration has been regarded as an important factor for the evolution of cooperation in mobile populations. Motivations of migration, however, can be largely divergent: one is highly frustrated by the vicinity of an exploiter or…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2020-05-20 Zhilong Xiao , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

While enforcing egalitarian social norms is critical for human society, punishing social norm violators often incurs a cost to the self. This cost looms even larger when one can benefit from an unequal distribution of resources (i.e.…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2025-07-29 Shen Zhang , Oriel FeldmanHall , Sébastien Hétu , A. Ross Otto

Cooperative behavior, where one individual incurs a cost to help another, is a wide spread phenomenon. Here we study direct reciprocity in the context of the alternating Prisoner's Dilemma. We consider all strategies that can be implemented…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2014-03-05 Benjamin M. Zagorsky , Johannes G. Reiter , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin A. Nowak

Recent research in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown success in learning social behavior and cooperation. Social dilemmas between agents in mixed-sum settings have been studied extensively, but there is little research…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-05-01 Ram Rachum , Yonatan Nakar , Reuth Mirsky

Pro-social punishment, whereby cooperators punish defectors, is often suggested as a mechanism that maintains cooperation in large human groups. Importantly, models that support this idea have to date only allowed defectors to be the target…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2015-03-20 Simon T. Powers , Daniel J. Taylor , Joanna J. Bryson

Economic studies have shown that there are two types of regulation schemes which can be considered as a vital part of today's global economy: self-regulation enforced by self-regulation organizations to govern industry practices, and…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2019-11-20 Pengbi Cui , Zhi-Xi Wu , Tao Zhou , Xiaojie Chen

This paper explores the Coevolutionary Optional Prisoner's Dilemma (COPD) game, which is a simple model to coevolve game strategy and link weights of agents playing the Optional Prisoner's Dilemma game. We consider a population of agents…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2018-11-27 Marcos Cardinot , Colm O'Riordan , Josephine Griffith

While voluntary participation is a key mechanism that enables altruistic punishment to emerge, its explanatory power typically rests on the common assumption that non-participants have no impact on the public good. Yet, given the…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2025-08-13 Zhao Song , Chen Shen , Valerio Capraro , The Anh Han

Utilizing common resources is always a dilemma for community members. While cooperator players restrain themselves and consider the proper state of resources, defectors demand more than their supposed share for a higher payoff. To avoid the…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2018-09-05 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown recent success in increasingly complex fixed-team zero-sum environments. However, the real world is not zero-sum nor does it have fixed teams; humans face numerous social dilemmas and must…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-12 Bowen Baker

We explore the evolution of cooperation in the framework of the evolutionary game theory using the prisoner's dilemma as metaphor of the problem. We present a minimal model taking into account the growing process of the systems and…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2015-06-03 Ignacio Gomez Portillo

The exclusion of freeriders from common privileges or public acceptance is widely found in the real world. Current models on the evolution of cooperation with incentives mostly assume peer sanctioning, whereby a punisher imposes penalties…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2012-12-07 Tatsuya Sasaki , Satoshi Uchida

Identifying mechanisms able to sustain costly cooperation among self-interested agents is a central problem across social and biological sciences. One possible solution is peer punishment: when agents have an opportunity to sanction…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2022-12-19 Mohammad Salahshour , Vincent Oberhauser , Matteo Smerlak

Human cooperation depends on how accurately we infer others' motives--how much they value fairness, generosity, or self-interest from the choices they make. We model that process in binary dictator games, which isolate moral trade-offs…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2025-11-12 Gregory Stanley , Jun Zhang , Rick Lewis

Addressing both natural and societal challenges requires collective cooperation. Studies on collective-risk social dilemmas have shown that individual decisions are influenced by the perceived risk of collective failure. However, existing…

适应与自组织系统 · 物理学 2026-03-26 Lichen Wang , Shijia Hua , Yuyuan Liu , Liang Zhang , Linjie Liu , Attila Szolnoki

Evolutionary game theory has been widely used to study the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas where imitation-led strategy updates are typically assumed. However, results of recent behavioral experiments are not compatible with the…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2018-12-19 Ik Soo Lim , Peter Wittek