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Grid cells in the brain respond when an animal occupies a periodic lattice of "grid fields" during spatial navigation. The grid scale varies along the dorso-ventral axis of the entorhinal cortex. We propose that the grid system minimizes…
Place cells in the hippocampus are active when an animal visits a certain location (referred to as a place field) within an environment. Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) respond at multiple locations, with firing fields that…
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex fire when animals that are exploring a certain region of space occupy the vertices of a triangular grid that spans the environment. Different neurons feature triangular grids that differ in their…
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex, together with head direction, place, speed and border cells, are major contributors to the organization of spatial representations in the brain. In this work we introduce a novel theoretical and…
Understanding spatial location and relationships is a fundamental capability for modern artificial intelligence systems. Insights from human spatial cognition provide valuable guidance in this domain. Neuroscientific discoveries have…
The spatial responses of many of the cells recorded in all layers of rodent medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) show a triangular grid pattern, and once established might be based in part on path-integration mechanisms. Grid axes are tightly…
Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of the mammalian brain exhibit a strikingly regular hexagonal firing field over space. These cells are learned after birth and are thought to support spatial navigation but also more abstract…
Fourier-like summation of several grid cell modules with different spatial frequencies in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) has long been proposed to form the contours of place firing fields. Recent experiments largely, but not completely,…
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are believed to establish their regular, spatially correlated firing patterns by path integration of the animal's motion. Mechanisms for path integration, e.g. in attractor network models, predict…
Grid cells, discovered more than a decade ago [5], are neurons in the brain of mammals that fire when the animal is located near certain specific points in its familiar terrain. Intriguingly, these points form, for a single cell, a…
Grid cells play a principal role in enabling mammalian cognitive representations of ambient environments. The key property of these cells -- the regular arrangement of their firing fields -- is commonly viewed as means for establishing…
The grid firing patterns are thought to provide an efficient intrinsic metric capable of supporting universal spatial metric for mammalian spatial navigation in all environments. However, whether spatial representations of grid cells in the…
Decades of research on the neural code underlying spatial navigation have revealed a diverse set of neural response properties. The Entorhinal Cortex (EC) of the mammalian brain contains a rich set of spatial correlates, including grid…
Behavioral flexibility is learning from previous experiences and planning appropriate actions in a changing or novel environment. Successful behavioral adaptation depends on internal models the brain builds to represent the relational…
Neurons in the nervous system convey information to higher brain regions by the generation of spike trains. An important question in the field of computational neuroscience is how these sensory neurons encode environmental information in a…
About a decade ago grid cells were discovered in the medial entorhinal cortex of rat. Their peculiar firing patterns, which correlate with periodic locations in the environment, led to early hypothesis that grid cells may provide some form…
The mammalian brain is a metabolically expensive device, and evolutionary pressures have presumably driven it to make productive use of its resources. For sensory areas, this concept has been expressed more formally as an optimality…
The hippocampus encodes space through a striking gradient of place field sizes along its dorsal-ventral axis, yet the principles generating this continuous gradient from discrete grid cell inputs remain debated. We propose a unified…
The entorhinal-hippocampal circuit plays a critical role in higher brain functions, especially spatial cognition. Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) periodically fire with different grid spacing and orientation, which makes a…
Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex are believed to play a key role in path integration. However, the relation between path integration and the grid-like arrangement of their firing field remains unclear. We provide theoretical evidence…