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In this paper, we consider modulation codes for practical multilevel flash memory storage systems with cell levels. Instead of maximizing the lifetime of the device [Ajiang-isit07-01, Ajiang-isit07-02, Yaakobi_verdy_siegel_wolf_allerton08,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2009-10-13 Fan Zhang , Henry D. Pfister

Over the past decades, the relentless scaling and mass production of flash memory have underpinned the data-centric era. Yet charge-trap-based 3D NAND flash is now constrained by intrinsic physical and architectural limits, including…

The memory window of floating gate (FG) type non-volatile memory (NVM) devices is a fundamental figure of merit used not only to evaluate the performance, such as retention and endurance, but also to discuss the feasibility of advanced…

Due to increasing cache sizes and large leakage consumption of SRAM device, conventional SRAM caches contribute significantly to the processor power consumption. Recently researchers have used non-volatile memory devices to design caches,…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2014-05-01 Sparsh Mittal

NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2017-09-25 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally analyzing, exploiting, and addressing vulnerabilities in multi-level cell NAND flash memory programming, which was published in the industrial session of HPCA 2017, and examines the work's…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Yixin Luo , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu , Erich F. Haratsch

Cache serves as a temporary data memory module in many general-purpose processors and domain-specific accelerators. Its density, power, speed, and reliability play a critical role in enhancing the overall system performance and quality of…

To mitigate the impact of noise and interference on multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory with the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we propose a dynamic write-voltage design scheme considering the asymmetric property of raw bit…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-09-07 Runbin Cai , Yi Fang , Zhifang Shi , Lin Dai , Guojun Han

Lengthening a computer memory's lifespan is important for e-waste and sustainability. Uneven wear of memory is a major barrier. The problem is becoming even more urgent as emerging memory such as phase-change memory is subject to even…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Elizabeth Shen , Huiyang Zhou

This work investigates a new erase scheme in NAND flash memory to improve the lifetime and performance of modern solid-state drives (SSDs). In NAND flash memory, an erase operation applies a high voltage (e.g., > 20 V) to flash cells for a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Sungjun Cho , Beomjun Kim , Hyunuk Cho , Gyeongseob Seo , Onur Mutlu , Myungsuk Kim , Jisung Park

The aggressive scaling down of flash memories has threatened data reliability since the scaling down of cell sizes gives rise to more serious degradation mechanisms such as cell-to-cell interference and lateral charge spreading. The effect…

Neuromorphic computing with non-volatile memory (NVM) can significantly improve performance and lower energy consumption of machine learning tasks implemented using spike-based computations and bio-inspired learning algorithms. High…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-07-07 Shihao Song , Anup Das

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory comprised of blocks of cells, wherein each cell can take on q different levels corresponding to the number of electrons it contains. Increasing the cell level is easy; however, reducing a cell…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2015-03-13 Eitan Yaakobi , Alexander Vardy , Paul H. Siegel , Jack K. Wolf

Voltage-dependent ion channels determine the electric properties of axonal cell membranes. They not only allow the passage of ions through the cell membrane but also contribute to an additional charging of the cell membrane resulting in the…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2009-11-13 G. Schmid , I. Goychuk , P. Hanggi

Multiple reads of the same Flash memory cell with distinct word-line voltages provide enhanced precision for LDPC decoding. In this paper, the word-line voltages are optimized by maximizing the mutual information (MI) of the quantized…

We study the effects of diffusion on a $\Lambda$-gradient echo memory, which is a coherent optical quantum memory using thermal gases. The efficiency of this memory is high for short storage time, but decreases exponentially due to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 X. -W. Luo , J. J. Hope , B. Hillman , T. M. Stace

In modern solid-state drives (SSDs), the indexing of flash pages is a critical component in their storage controllers. It not only affects the data access performance, but also determines the efficiency of the precious in-device DRAM…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2023-01-03 Jinghan Sun , Shaobo Li , Yunxin Sun , Chao Sun , Dejan Vucinic , Jian Huang

Crossbar arrays using emerging non-volatile memory technologies such as Resistive RAM (ReRAM) offer high density, fast access speed and low-power. However the bandwidth of the crossbar is limited to single-bit read/write per access to avoid…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2016-06-03 Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan , Swaroop Ghosh , Radha Krishna Aluru , Rashmi Jha

In this paper we present a synaptic array that uses dynamical states to implement an analog memory for energy-efficient training of machine learning (ML) systems. Each of the analog memory elements is a micro-dynamical system that is driven…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2022-04-06 Darshit Mehta , Kenji Aono , Shantanu Chakrabartty

Sequential information contains short- to long-range dependencies; however, learning long-timescale information has been a challenge for recurrent neural networks. Despite improvements in long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), the…