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Weak diameter coloring of graphs recently attracted attention partially due to its connection to asymptotic dimension of metric spaces. We consider weak diameter list-coloring of graphs in this paper. Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Norin proved that…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-05-01 Joshua Crouch , Chun-Hung Liu

Wegner conjectured in 1977 that the square of every planar graph with maximum degree at most $3$ is $7$-colorable. We prove this conjecture using the discharging method and computational techniques to verify reducible configurations.

组合数学 · 数学 2016-04-25 Stephen G. Hartke , Sogol Jahanbekam , Brent Thomas

A graph is outer-1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that all vertices are on the outer face and each edge is crossed at most once. It is known that the list edge chromatic number $\chi'_l(G)$ of any outer-1-planar graph $G$ with…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-02-13 Xin Zhang

We survey work on coloring, list coloring, and painting squares of graphs; in particular, we consider strong edge-coloring. We focus primarily on planar graphs and other sparse classes of graphs.

组合数学 · 数学 2026-04-16 Daniel W. Cranston

A proper coloring of vertices of a graph is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most 1. Such colorings have many applications and are interesting by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the state of art and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-04-22 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

An oriented graph $\overrightarrow{G}$ is pushably $k$-critical if it is not pushably $k$-colorable, but every proper subgraph of $\overrightarrow{G}$ is. The main result of this article is that every pushably $3$-critical oriented graph on…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Tapas Das , Pavan P D , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

An injective coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colors to the vertices of $G$ so that any two vertices with a common neighbor have distinct colors. A graph $G$ is injectively $k$-choosable if for any list assignment $L$, where…

We prove that polynomial calculus (and hence also Nullstellensatz) over any field requires linear degree to refute that sparse random regular graphs, as well as sparse Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi random graphs, are $3$-colourable. Using the known…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2025-03-24 Jonas Conneryd , Susanna F. de Rezende , Jakob Nordström , Shuo Pang , Kilian Risse

We call a proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ a B-coloring if every 4-cycle of $G$ is colored with four different colors. Let $q_B(G)$ denote the smallest number of colors needed for a B-coloring of $G$. Motivated by earlier papers on…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-09-03 András Gyárfás , Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

A vertex-coloring of a hypergraph is conflict-free, if each edge contains a vertex whose color is not repeated on any other vertex of that edge. Let $f(r, \Delta)$ be the smallest integer $k$ such that each $r$-uniform hypergraph of maximum…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-12-06 Maria Axenovich , Jonathan Rollin

We study the \emph{maximum differential coloring problem}, where the vertices of an $n$-vertex graph must be labeled with distinct numbers ranging from $1$ to $n$, so that the minimum absolute difference between two labels of any two…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2014-06-13 M. Bekos , A. Das , M. Geyer , M. Kaufmann , S. Kobourov , S. Veeramoni

Duffy et al. [C. Duffy, G. MacGillivray, and \'E. Sopena, Oriented colourings of graphs with maximum degree three and four, Discrete Mathematics, 342(4), p. 959--974, 2019] recently considered the oriented chromatic number of connected…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2019-05-30 Pascal Ochem , Alexandre Pinlou

We obtain the following new coloring results: * A 3-colorable graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree~$\Delta$ can be colored, in polynomial time, using $O((\Delta \log\Delta)^{1/3} \cdot\log{n})$ colors. This slightly improves an…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2016-08-31 Eran Halperin , Ram Nathaniel , Uri Zwick

The classical theorem of Vizing states that every graph of maximum degree $d$ admits an edge-coloring with at most $d+1$ colors. Furthermore, as it was earlier shown by K\H{o}nig, $d$ colors suffice if the graph is bipartite. We investigate…

组合数学 · 数学 2016-08-23 Endre Csóka , Gabor Lippner , Oleg Pikhurko

Consider the following two ways to colour the vertices of a graph where the requirement that adjacent vertices get distinct colours is relaxed. A colouring has "defect" $d$ if each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most $d$. A…

组合数学 · 数学 2018-03-22 David R. Wood

Let $G$ be a graph embedded on a surface $S_\varepsilon$ with Euler genus $\varepsilon > 0$, and let $P\subseteq V(G)$ be a set of vertices mutually at distance at least 4 apart. Suppose all vertices of $G$ have $H(\varepsilon)$-lists and…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-01-03 Alice M. Dean , Joan P. Hutchinson

We show that any orientation of a graph with maximum degree three has an oriented 9-colouring, and that any orientation of a graph with maximum degree four has an oriented 69-colouring. These results improve the best known upper bounds of…

离散数学 · 计算机科学 2018-12-14 Christopher Duffy , Gary MacGillivray , Eric Sopena

Graph coloring is one of the central problems in distributed graph algorithms. Much of the research on this topic has focused on coloring with $\Delta+1$ colors, where $\Delta$ denotes the maximum degree. Using $\Delta+1$ colors may be…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2017-08-24 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christiana Lymouri

It was conjectured by Steinberg in 1976 that planar graphs without cycles of length 4 or 5 are 3-colorable. This conjecture attracted a substantial amount of attention and was finally refuted by Cohen-Addad, Hebdige, Kr\'{a}l', Li and…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-18 Xiaoyan Xu , Xuding Zhu

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be {\em edge colored} using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors [Diskret.~Analiz, '64]. Vizing's original proof is algorithmic and shows that such…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Sayan Bhattacharya , Din Carmon , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang