相关论文: On Minimum Clinically Important Difference

To answer questions of "causes of effects", the probability of necessity is introduced for assessing whether or not an observed outcome was caused by an earlier treatment. However, the statistical inference for probability of necessity is…

Uncertainty quantification of causal effects is crucial for safety-critical applications such as personalized medicine. A powerful approach for this is conformal prediction, which has several practical benefits due to model-agnostic…

It is not clear how to target patients who are most likely to benefit from digital care management programs ex-ante, a shortcoming of current risk score based approaches. This study focuses on defining impactability by identifying those…

We analyze differences between two information-theoretically motivated approaches to statistical inference and model selection: the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, and the Minimum Message Length (MML) principle. Based on this…

The Multiple Comparison Procedures with Modeling Techniques (MCP-Mod) framework has been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Administration and European Medicines Agency as fit-per-purpose for phase II studies. Nonetheless, this approach…

This paper introduces marginal fairness, a new individual fairness notion for equitable decision-making in the presence of protected attributes such as gender, race, and religion. This criterion ensures that decisions based on generalized…

The predictions from an accurate prognostic model can be of great interest to patients and clinicians. When predictions are reported to individuals, they may decide to take action to improve their health or they may simply be comforted by…

Reliable medical image classification requires accurate predictions and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates, especially in high-stakes clinical settings. This work presents MedSymmFlow, a generative-discriminative hybrid model built on…

Intensity-based multistate models provide a useful framework for characterizing disease processes, the introduction of interventions, loss to follow-up, and other complications arising in the conduct of randomized trials studying complex…

Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and mid-course…

We face the problem of pattern classification by proposing a quantum-inspired version of the widely used minimum distance classifier (i.e. the Nearest Mean Classifier (NMC)) already introduced in [31,33,28,27] and by applying this…

Stochastic Closed-Loop Active Fault Diagnosis (CLAFD) aims to select the input sequentially in order to improve the discrimination of different models by minimizing the predicted error probability. As computation of these error…

Objectives: Clinical prediction models (CPMs) can inform decision-making concerning treatment initiation. Here, one requires predicted risks assuming that no treatment is given. This is challenging since CPMs are often derived in datasets…

Probabilities of Causation play a fundamental role in decision making in law, health care and public policy. Nevertheless, their point identification is challenging, requiring strong assumptions such as monotonicity. In the absence of such…

Measuring treatment efficacy in mixture of subgroups from a randomized clinical trial is a fundamental problem in personalized medicine development, in deciding whether to treat the entire patient population or to target a subgroup. We show…

The impact of machine learning models on healthcare will depend on the degree of trust that healthcare professionals place in the predictions made by these models. In this paper, we present a method to provide people with clinical expertise…

Auxiliary information is frequently utilized in survey sampling to improve the efficiency of estimators of the finite population mean. However, the simultaneous use of multiple auxiliary variables often induces multicollinearity, which…

Likelihood-free inference methods typically make use of a distance between simulated and real data. A common example is the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), which has previously been used for approximate Bayesian computation, minimum…

This paper proposes a novel criterion for the allocation of patients in Phase~I dose-escalation clinical trials aiming to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Conventionally, using a model-based approach the next patient is allocated to…

We provide a simple distribution regression estimator for treatment effects in the difference-in-differences (DiD) design. Our procedure is particularly useful when the treatment effect differs across the distribution of the outcome…