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We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer $Q^2$. It is shown that the leading two-photon exchange amplitude behaves as $1/Q^4$ relative to the one-photon amplitude, and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-09-02 Nikolai Kivel , Marc Vanderhaeghen

In this work, I improve on and extend to low and high $Q^2$ values the extractions of the $\varepsilon$ dependence of the real parts of the two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitudes relative to the magnetic form factor, as well as the ratio…

核理论 · 物理学 2017-05-25 I. A. Qattan

We relate the forward two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitudes to integrals of the inclusive lepton-proton scattering cross sections. These relations yield an alternative way for the evaluation of the TPE correction to hyperfine-splitting (HFS)…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2017-09-22 Oleksandr Tomalak

We extract two-photon exchange amplitudes for the elastic electron-proton scattering at Q^2=2.5 GeV^2 from the unpolarized cross-section and recent polarization transfer measurements. There are three independent amplitudes, but only one of…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-03-17 Dmitry Borisyuk , Alexander Kobushkin

There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, $G_E^p$, extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can…

核实验 · 物理学 2015-06-23 D. Adikaram , D. Rimal , L. B. Weinstein , B. Raue , P. Khetarpal , R. P. Bennett , J. Arrington , W. K. Brooks , K. P. Adhikari , A. V. Afanasev , M. J. Amaryan , M. D. Anderson , J. Ball , M. Battaglieri , I. Bedlinskiy , A. S. Biselli , J. Bono , S. Boiarinov , W. J. Briscoe , V. D. Burkert , D. S. Carman , A. Celentano , S. Chandavar , G. Charles , L. Colaneri , P. L. Cole , M. Contalbrigo , A. D'Angelo , N. Dashyan , R. De Vita , E. De Sanctis , A. Deur , C. Djalali , G. E. Dodge , R. Dupre , H. Egiyan , A. El Alaoui , L. El Fassi , P. Eugenio , G. Fedotov , S. Fegan , A. Filippi , J. A. Fleming , A. Fradi , G. P. Gilfoyle , K. L. Giovanetti , F. X. Girod , J. T. Goetz , W. Gohn , E. Golovatch , R. W. Gothe , K. A. Griffioen , M. Guidal , L. Guo , K. Hafidi , H. Hakobyan , N. Harrison , M. Hattawy , K. Hicks , M. Holtrop , S. M. Hughes , C. E. Hyde , Y. Ilieva , D. G. Ireland , B. S. Ishkhanov , D. Jenkins , H. Jiang , K. Joo , S. Joosten , M. Khandaker , W. Kim , A. Klein , F. J. Klein , S. Koirala , V. Kubarovsky , S. E. Kuhn , H. Y. Lu , I . J . D. MacGregor , N. Markov , M. Mayer , B. McKinnon , M. D. Mestayer , C. A. Meyer , M. Mirazita , V. Mokeev , R. A. Montgomery , C. I. Moody , H. Moutarde , A Movsisyan , C. Munoz Camacho , P. Nadel-Turonski , S. Niccolai , G. Niculescu , M. Osipenko , A. I. Ostrovidov , K. Park , E. Pasyuk , S. Pisano , O. Pogorelko , S. Procureur , Y. Prok , D. Protopopescu , A. J. R. Puckett , M. Ripani , A. Rizzo , G. Rosner , P. Rossi , F. Sabatié , D. Schott , R. A. Schumacher , Y. G. Sharabian , A. Simonyan , I. Skorodumina , E. S. Smith , G. D. Smith , D. I. Sober , N. Sparveris , S. Stepanyan , S. Strauch , V. Sytnik , M. Taiuti , Ye Tian , A. Trivedi , M. Ungaro , H. Voskanyan , E. Voutier , N. K. Walford , D. P. Watts , X. Wei , M. H. Wood , N. Zachariou , L. Zana , J. Zhang , Z. W. Zhao , I. Zonta , The CLAS Collaboration

The presence of two photon exchange in $ep$ elastic scattering and in the crossed processes ($\bar p +p\leftrightarrow \ell^+ +\ell^-$, $\ell=e$ or $\mu$) is discussed in terms of three complex amplitudes which are functions of two…

核理论 · 物理学 2007-05-23 E. Tomasi-Gustafsson

Higher-order QED effects play an important role in precision measurements of nucleon elastic form factors in electron scattering. Here we introduce a two-photon exchange QED correction to the parity-violating polarization asymmetry of…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Andrei V. Afanasev , Carl E. Carlson

In this work, the two-photon-exchange (TPE) effect in $ep\rightarrow en\pi^+$ at small $-t$ is discussed. In the previous work, the TPE contribution with one $\pi$ intermediate state is estimated numerically within a hadronic model under…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-07-27 Qian-Qian Guo , Hai-Qing Zhou

It is shown that the amplitude of elastic ed scattering beyond Born approximation contains six generalized form factors, but only three linearly independent combinations of them (generalized charge, quadrupole and magnetic form factors)…

核理论 · 物理学 2015-03-17 A. P. Kobushkin , Ya. D. Krivenko-Emetov

We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer through the scattering off a parton in the proton. We relate the process on the nucleon to the generalized parton…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-09-11 Y. C. Chen , A. Afanasev , S. J. Brodsky , C. E. Carlson , M. Vanderhaeghen

We evaluate the two-photon exchange correction to the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section within a dispersive framework. Besides the elastic contribution, we account for all $\pi N$ intermediate state contributions using the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2017-11-15 O. Tomalak , B. Pasquini , M. Vanderhaeghen

We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer by using a quark-parton representation of virtual Compton scattering. We thus can relate the two-photon exchange amplitude to…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Andrei V. Afanasev , Stanley J. Brodsky , Carl E. Carlson , Yu-Chun Chen , Marc Vanderhaeghen

We compute the corrections from two-photon and photon-Z exchange in parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering, used to extract the strange form factors of the proton. We use a hadronic formalism that successfully reconciled the…

核理论 · 物理学 2014-11-18 J. A. Tjon , W. Melnitchouk

The paper describes a precise measurement of electron scattering off the proton at momentum transfers of $0.003 \lesssim Q^2 \lesssim 1$\ GeV$^2$. The average point-to-point error of the cross sections in this experiment is $\sim$ 0.37%.…

We report on a new measurement of the beam transverse single spin asymmetry in electron-proton elastic scattering, $A^{ep}_{\perp}$, at five beam energies from 315.1 MeV to 1508.4 MeV and at a scattering angle of $30^{\circ} < \theta <…

We estimate two-photon exchange contribution to the process $e^+ +e^- \to p + \bar{p}$. The two-photon exchange corrections to double spin polarization observables and form factors in the time-like region are calculated. The corrections are…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 D. Y. Chen , H. Q. Zhou , Y. B. Dong

We discuss the elastic ed scattering beyond Born approximation. It is shown that the reaction amplitude contains six generalized form factors, but only three linearly independent combinations of them (we call them generalized charge,…

核理论 · 物理学 2014-11-20 A. P. Kobushkin , Ya. D. Krivenko-Emetov , S. Dubnicka

We study two-photon exchange for elastic electron-proton scattering at low Q^2. Compact approximate formulae for the amplitudes are obtained. Numerical calculations are done for Q^2 < 0.1 GeV^2 with several realistic form factor…

核理论 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Dmitry Borisyuk , Alexander Kobushkin

We present the dispersion relation approach based on unitarity and analyticity to evaluate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering. The leading elastic and first inelastic $\pi N$ intermediate state…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-07-04 Oleksandr Tomalak

The influence of relativistic contributions to elastic electron deuteron scattering is studied systematically at low and intermediate momentum transfers ($Q^2\leq 30$ fm$^{-2}$). In a $(p/M)$-expansion, all leading order relativistic…

核理论 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Hartmuth Arenhoevel , Frank Ritz , Thomas Wilbois