相关论文: Gauge Invariance and the Goldstone Theorem
The Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions of particle physics is a quantum field theory. Elementary particles are not indivisible `pieces' of matter but energy bundles of fields, whose properties and interactions are a…
There are strong restrictions on the possible representations and in general on the matter content of gauge theories formulated on noncommutative Moyal spaces, termed as noncommutative gauge theory no-go theorem. According to the no-go…
One hundred years ago this year attempts began to generalise general relativity with the ambition of incorporating electromagnetism alongside gravitation in a unified field theory. These developments led to gauge theories and models with…
Reformulation of the Dirac equation in terms of the real Spacetime Algebra (STA) reveals hidden geometric structure, including a geometric role for the unit imaginary as generator of rotations in a spacelike plane. The STA and the real…
In this lecture we discuss the basic ingredients for gauge invariant quantum field theories. We give an introduction to the elements of quantum field theory, to the construction of the basic Lagrangian for a general gauge theory, and…
When computing the properties of reactions involving unstable charged particles care has to be taken to use a gauge invariant amplitude. In this talk we present methods to (automatically) obtain such an amplitude, both at the tree level and…
We develop the principle of nongravitating vacuum energy, which is implemented by changing the measure of integration from $\sqrt{-g}d^{D}x$ to an integration in an internal space of $D$ scalar fields $\phi_{a}$. As a consequence of such a…
A covariant, unitary and gauge invariant theory for pion photoproduction on a single nucleon is presented. To achieve gauge invariance at the operator level one needs to include both the $\pi N$ and $\gamma\pi N$ thresholds. The final…
The Gaussian Effective Potential (GEP) is derived for the non-Abelian SU(2)xU(1) gauge theory of electroweak interactions. First the problem of gauge invariance is addressed in the Abelian U(1) theory, where an optimized GEP is shown to be…
Goldstone's theorem states that there is a massless mode for each broken symmetry generator. It has been known for a long time that the naive generalization of this counting fails to give the correct number of massless modes for…
Gauge-invariant perturbation theory for theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect, as developed by Fr\"ohlich, Morchio and Strocchi, starts out from physical, exactly gauge-invariant quantities as initial and final states. These are…
Due to proton spin crisis it is necessary to understand the gauge invariant definition of the spin and orbital angular momentum of the quark and gluon from first principle. In this paper we derive the gauge invariant Noether's theorem by…
It is demonstrated that a Stueckelberg-type gauge theory, coupled to the scalar-tensor theory of gravity, is invariant under both gauge and Weyl transformations. Unlike the pure Stueckelberg theory, this coupled Lagrangian has a genuine…
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gauge symmetry of classical field theories in integral formalism. A gauge invariant theory is defined in terms of the invariance of the physical observables under the coordinate…
Current quantum theories of an elementary free particle assume unitary space inversion and anti-unitary time reversal operators. In so doing robust classes of possible theories are discarded. The present work shows that consistent theories…
Non-perturbative proof is presented of a unique version of Goldstone theorem, that electromagnetism contributes to the masses of spinless particles of quark-antiquark bound states in the form of a commutator of the quark electric matrix and…
There is noticeable consensus among physicists and philosophers that only gauge-invariant quantities can be physically real. However, this insight that physical quantities must be gauge-invariant is not well-reflected in standard approaches…
We perform a general computation of the off-shell one-loop divergences in Einstein gravity, in a two-parameter family of path integral measures, corresponding to different ways of parametrizing the graviton field, and a two-parameter family…
We study the gauge invariance of the massive modes in the compactification of gauge theories from D=5 to D=4. We deal with Abelian gauge theories of rank one and two, and with non-Abelian ones of rank one. We show that St\"uckelberg fields…
We construct a model unifying gravity with weak $SU(2)$ gauge and "Higgs" scalar fields. We assume the existence of a visible and an invisible (hidden) sector of the Universe. We used the extension of Plebanski's 4-dimensional gravitational…