相关论文: Gauge-invariant momentum and angular momentum oper…

An alternative representation of the kernel of the evolution operator in quantum electrodynamics is obtained in the form of a functional integral, in which the gauge momentum corresponding to the Gaussian constraint is excluded from the…

To study ``physical'' gauges such as the Coulomb, light-cone, axial or temporal gauge, we consider ``interpolating'' gauges which interpolate linearly between a covariant gauge, such as the Feynman or Landau gauge, and a physical gauge.…

We prove that the {\em gauge dependent} gluon spin, gluon and quark orbital angular momenta operators have {\em gauge invariant} expectation values on hadron states with {\em definite} momentum and polarization, therefore the conventional…

It is well known that in gauge theories, the spin (and orbital angular momentum) of gauge particles is not gauge invariant, although the helicity is; neither are the canonical momentum and canonical angular momentum of charged particles.…

In this paper, a formulation, which is completely established on a quantum ground, is presented for basic contents of quantum electrodynamics (QED). This is done by moving away, from the fundamental level, the assumption that the spin space…

We give an introductory account of the recently identified gauge invariance of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical many-body systems [J. M\"uller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 217101 (2024)]. The gauge…

We study the quantization of many-body systems in two dimensions in rotating coordinate frames using a gauge invariant formulation of the dynamics. We consider reference frames defined by linear and quadratic gauge conditions. In both cases…

In a recent paper, we have shown that the way of gauge-invariant decomposition of the nucleon spin is not necessarily unique, but there still exists a preferable decomposition from the observational viewpoint. What was not complete in this…

By using the multipolar gauge it is shown that the quantum mechanics of an electrically charged particle moving in a prescribed classical electromagnetic field (wave mechanics) may be expressed in a manner that is gauge invariant, except…

Whether the total angular momentum of the photon can be separated into spin and orbital parts has been a long-standing problem due to the constraint of transversality condition on its vector wavefunction. A careful analysis shows that the…

Time-independent gauge transformations are implemented in the canonical formalism by the Gauss law which is not covariant. The covariant form of Gauss law is conceptually important for studying asymptotic properties of the gauge fields. For…

One of the celebrated results of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) is the discreteness of the spectrum of geometrical operators such as length, area and volume operators. This is an indication that Planck scale geometry in LQG is discontinuous…

The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was initially at rest and then set suddenly…

Using connection with quantum field theory, the infinitesimal covariant abelian gauge transformation laws of relativistic two-particle constraint theory wave functions and potentials are established and weak invariance of the corresponding…

The anti self-adjoint operators of imaginary coordinate and momentum, together with the self-adjoint operators of real coordinate, momentum, energy and time are used in construction of the quantum field theory in operator form. This…

We are taught that gauge transformations in classical and quantum mechanics do not change the physics of the problem. Nevertheless here we discuss three broad scenarios where under gauge transformations: (i) conservation laws are not…

In this work, we study the classical and quantum properties of the unique commutative Lorentz-covariant connection for loop quantum gravity. This connection has been found after solving the second-class constraints inherited from the…

A simple argument is presented which, based on the minimal coupling Lagrangian for a many-body system, keeps the gauge invariance of the many-body Schr\"odinger equation with explicit Coulomb potential. The elimination of longitudinal…

We introduce a way to express compact quantum electrodynamics with dynamical matter on two- and three-dimensional spatial lattices in a gauge redundancy-free manner while preserving translational invariance. By transforming to a rotating…

Recent developments concerning canonical quantisation and gauge invariant quantum mechanical systems and quantum field theories are briefly discussed. On the one hand, it is shown how diffeomorphic covariant representations of the…