相关论文: Sequential monitoring of response-adaptive randomi…
Response adaptive randomization (RAR) is appealing from methodological, ethical, and pragmatic perspectives in the sense that subjects are more likely to be randomized to better performing treatment groups based on accumulating data.…
Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been studied extensively in conventional, single-stage clinical trials, where it has been shown to yield ethical and statistical benefits, especially in trials with many treatment arms. However, RAR…
Response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) can considerably improve the chances of a successful treatment outcome for patients in a clinical trial by skewing the allocation probability towards better performing treatments as data accumulates.…
Response-Adaptive Randomization (RAR) is part of a wider class of data-dependent sampling algorithms, for which clinical trials are typically used as a motivating application. In that context, patient allocation to treatments is determined…
Sequential monitoring in clinical trials is often employed to allow for early stopping and other interim decisions, while maintaining the type I error rate. However, sequential monitoring is typically described only in the context of a…
Clustered observations are ubiquitous in controlled and observational studies and arise naturally in multi-centre trials or longitudinal surveys. We present a novel model for the analysis of clustered observations where the marginal…
Response-adaptive clinical trial designs allow targeting a given objective by skewing the allocation of participants to treatments based on observed outcomes. Response-adaptive designs face greater regulatory scrutiny due to potential type…
Strategic test allocation plays a major role in the control of both emerging and existing pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, HIV). Widespread testing supports effective epidemic control by (1) reducing transmission via identifying cases, and (2)…
We consider adaptive designs for a trial involving N individuals that we follow along T time steps. We allow for the variables of one individual to depend on its past and on the past of other individuals. Our goal is to learn a mean…
In most clinical trials, patients are randomized with equal probability among treatments to obtain an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect. Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been proposed for ethical reasons, where the…
Post-approval safety surveillance of medical products using observational healthcare data can help identify safety issues beyond those found in pre-approval trials. When testing sequentially as data accrue, maximum sequential probability…
Group sequential designs in clinical trials allow for interim efficacy and futility monitoring. Adjustment for baseline covariates can increase power and precision of estimated effects. However, inconsistently applying covariate adjustment…
A new approach to adaptive design of clinical trials is proposed in a general multiparameter exponential family setting, based on generalized likelihood ratio statistics and optimal sequential testing theory. These designs are easy to…
A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) facilitates comparison of multiple adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) simultaneously. Previous studies have established a framework to test the homogeneity of multiple ATSs by a…
The primary analysis in two-arm clinical trials usually involves inference on a scalar treatment effect parameter; e.g., depending on the outcome, the difference of treatment-specific means, risk difference, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Most…
Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…
It is common to conduct causal inference in matched observational studies by proceeding as though treatment assignments within matched sets are assigned uniformly at random and using this distribution as the basis for inference. This…
Covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR) procedures are frequently used in comparative studies to increase the covariate balance across treatment groups. However, because randomization inevitably uses the covariate information when forming…
Adaptive clinical trials rely on interim analyses, flexible stopping, and data-dependent design modifications that complicate statistical guarantees when fixed-horizon test statistics are repeatedly inspected or reused after adaptations.…
Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials mimic the actual treatment processes experienced by physicians and patients in clinical settings and inform the comparative effectiveness of dynamic treatment regimes. In such trials,…