相关论文: A colorful origin for the genetic code: Informatio…

The genetic code maps the sixty-four nucleotide triplets (codons) to twenty amino-acids. Some argue that the specific form of the code with its twenty amino-acids might be a 'frozen accident' because of the overwhelming effects of any…

Information theoretic analysis of genetic languages indicates that the naturally occurring 20 amino acids and the triplet genetic code arose by duplication of 10 amino acids of class-II and a doublet genetic code having codons NNY and…

The genetic code is nearly universal, and the arrangement of the codons in the standard codon table is highly non-random. The three main concepts on origin and evolution of the code are the stereochemical theory; the coevolution theory; and…

The post-genomic era has brought opportunities to bridge traditionally separate fields of early history of life and brought new insight into origin and evolution of biodiversity. According to distributions of codons in genome sequences, I…

There is an intrinsic relationship between the molecular evolution in primordial period and the properties of genomes and proteomes of contemporary species. The genomic data may help us understand the driving force of evolution of life at…

How to represent the genetic code? Despite the fact that it is extensively known, the DNA mapping into proteins remains as one of the relevant discoveries of genetics. However, modern genomic signal processing usually requires converting…

The origin and organizing principles of the genetic code remain fundamental puzzles in life science. The vanishingly low probability of the natural codon-to-amino acid mapping arising by chance has spurred the hypothesis that its structure…

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences,…

Background: There is a 3-fold redundancy in the Genetic Code; most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. These synonymous codons are not used equally; there is a Codon Usage Bias (CUB). This article will provide novel information…

The genetic code is connection between 64 codons, which are building blocks of the genes, and 20 amino acids, which are building blocks of the proteins. In addition to coding amino acids, a few codons code stop signal, which is at the end…

Background/ Objectives: Resolving the origin of the genetic code is fundamental to understanding how life began its journey out of the chemical world. Since its deciphering some 60 years ago, there is still no general theory of the…

The previously formulated model for the evolution of the genetic code was shown to clarify why base triplets of some precursor amino acids differ by a single base from product amino acid codons, while others show less homology. First, the…

A hypothesis of the evolution of the genetic code is proposed, the leading mechanism of which is the nucleotide spontaneous damage leading to AT-enrichment of the genome. The hypothesis accounts for stability of the genetic code towards…

We present a scenario for the origin of biological coding. In this context, coding is a semiotic relationship between chemical information stored in one location that links to chemical information stored in a separate location. Coding…

In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict distinction in Genetic Code Table (GCT) into some different quantums: 20, 23, 61 amino acid molecules. These molecules…

A representation of the genetic code as a six-dimensional Boolean hypercube is proposed. It is assumed here that this structure is the result of the hierarchical order of the interaction energies of the bases in codon-anticodon recognition.…

The present paper is devoted to foundations of p-adic modelling in genomics. Considering nucleotides, codons, DNA and RNA sequences, amino acids, and proteins as information systems, we have formulated the corresponding p-adic formalisms…

In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict AAs positions; more exactly, with AAs ordinal number in three variants; first variant 00-19, second 00-21 and third…

A primordial genetic code is proposed, having only four codons assigned, GGC meaning glycine, GAC meaning aspartate/glutamate, GCC meaning alanine-like and GUC meaning valine-like. Pathways of ambiguity reduction enlarged the codon…

Degeneracy of the genetic code is a biological way to minimize effects of the undesirable mutation changes. Degeneration has a natural description on the 5-adic space of 64 codons $\mathcal{C}_5 (64) = \{n_0 + n_1 5 + n_2 5^2 : n_i = 1, 2,…