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The conventional NLO parton model is enough for the description of total cross sections and one-particle distributions. In the case of two-particle correlations, the collinear approximation has failed, and it is necessary to account for the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Yu. M. Shabelski

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as transverse momentum distributions (TMDs). TMDs describe the distribution of…

Elastic nucleon form factors constrain the spatial distribution of quarks in the impact parameter plane. A recent analysis found that the average impact parameter of quarks strongly depends on their longitudinal momentum, and obtained an…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 M. Diehl

We investigate the predictive power of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions as a function of the light-cone momentum fraction $x$ and the hard scale $Q$ defined by the process. We apply the saddle point approximation to the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2020-07-03 Manvir Grewal , Zhong-Bo Kang , Jian-Wei Qiu , Andrea Signori

By analyzing experimental data on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarized targets, we extract the transverse momentum dependence of the quark helicity distribution, i.e., the difference between the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2024-09-27 Alessandro Bacchetta , Alessia Bongallino , Matteo Cerutti , Marco Radici , Lorenzo Rossi

This work applies lattice QCD to compute quark momentum distributions in the nucleon. We explore a novel approach based on non-local operators in order to analyze transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, which encode…

高能物理 - 格点 · 物理学 2009-07-15 Bernhard U. Musch

We study the Wigner functions of the nucleon which provide multidimensional images of the quark distributions in phase space. These functions can be obtained through a Fourier transform in the transverse space of the generalized…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2011-08-08 Cedric Lorce , Barbara Pasquini

We present the first study of quark gravitational transverse-momentum distributions within the light-front quark--diquark model (LFQDM) inspired by the soft-wall AdS/QCD framework. We derive analytical expressions for the six unpolarized…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-04-14 Kauship Saha , Dipankar Chakrabarti , Asmita Mukherjee

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) provide three-dimensional images of the partonic structure of the nucleon in momentum space. We made impressive progress in understanding TMDs, both from the theoretical and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Alessandro Bacchetta

We employ the continuum Schwinger function method to investigate the unpolarized valence-quark transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMD) of the pion at the hadron scale. The first seventeen generalized…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-11-25 Minghui Ding

We study the three-quark light-cone amplitudes of the proton including quarks' transverse momenta. We classify these amplitudes using a newly-developed method in which light-cone wave functions are constructed from a class of light-cone…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-11-07 Xiangdong Ji , Jian-Ping Ma , Feng Yuan

Using the formalism of the light-cone wave function in perturbative QCD together with the hybrid factorization, we compute the cross-section for three particle production at forward rapidities in proton-nucleus collisions. In this picture,…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-08-14 Yair Mulian

The effective cross section of double parton scattering in high-energy hadron collisions has been measured in proton--proton collisions, with significant variation among final-state observables, contrary to the idea of a universal value.…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-05-14 Joao Vitor C. Lovato , Edgar Huayra , Emmanuel G. de Oliveira

We compute the quark and gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in perturbative QCD. Our calculation is based on an expansion of the differential Higgs boson and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2020-10-28 Markus A. Ebert , Bernhard Mistlberger , Gherardo Vita

We perform the first simultaneous extraction of parton collinear and transverse degrees of freedom from low-energy fixed-target Drell-Yan data in order to compare the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs)…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2023-11-28 P. C. Barry , L. Gamberg , W. Melnitchouk , E. Moffat , D. Pitonyak , A. Prokudin , N. Sato

We analyze LHC available data measuring the distribution probability of transverse momenta~$p_T$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9\,\textrm{TeV}$ (CMS, ALICE, ATLAS) and $\sqrt{s}=7\,\textrm{TeV}$ (CMS, ATLAS). A remarkably good…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-09-12 Leonardo J. L. Cirto , Constantino Tsallis , Cheuk-Yin Wong , Grzegorz Wilk

Within the framework of transverse-momentum-dependent factorization, we investigate for the first time the impact of a flavor-dependent intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks on the production of $W^{\pm}$ bosons in proton-proton…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-11-07 Alessandro Bacchetta , Giuseppe Bozzi , Marco Radici , Mathias Ritzmann , Andrea Signori

We show that the gauge-invariant transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) quark distribution function can be expressed as a sum of all higher-twist collinear parton matrix elements in terms of a transport operator. From such a general…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Zuo-tang Liang , Xin-Nian Wang , Jian Zhou

We propose a new method to determine at what transverse momenta particle production in high-energy pp collisions is governed by hard parton-parton processes. Using information on the transverse spatial distribution of partons obtained from…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2011-03-22 L. Frankfurt , M. Strikman , C. Weiss

We obtain the leading-twist valence quark transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) for the proton within the basis light-front quantization (BLFQ) framework. Our results are consistent with lattice QCD…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2022-08-22 Zhi Hu , Siqi Xu , Chandan Mondal , Xingbo Zhao , James P. Vary