相关论文: Hasard et d\'eterminisme chez Laplace

Here we continue with the ideas expressed in "On the strangeness of quantum mechanics" aiming to demonstrate more concretely how this philosophical outlook might be used as a key for resolving the measurement problem. We will address in…

In a recent paper [1], it has been claimed that the outcomes of a quantum coin toss which is idealized as an infinite binary sequence is 1-random. We also defend the correctness of this claim and assert that the outcomes of quantum…

We present in an informal way some recent results concerning a possible overlapping between classical unpredictability and quantum indeterminism.

In this work we study randomised reduction strategies,a notion already known in the context of abstract reduction systems, for the $\lambda$-calculus. We develop a simple framework that allows us to prove a randomised strategy to be…

In Probabilistic Logic Nilsson uses the device of a probability distribution over a set of possible worlds to assign probabilities to the sentences of a logical language. In his paper Nilsson concentrated on inference and associated…

How do we ascribe subjective probability? In decision theory, this question is often addressed by representation theorems, going back to Ramsey (1926), which tell us how to define or measure subjective probability by observable preferences.…

The aim of this paper is to establish a theory of random variables on domains. Domain theory is a fundamental component of theoretical computer science, providing mathematical models of computational processes. Random variables are the…

Starting with a likelihood or preference order on worlds, we extend it to a likelihood ordering on sets of worlds in a natural way, and examine the resulting logic. Lewis (1973) earlier considered such a notion of relative likelihood in the…

Free will discourse is primarily centred around the thesis of determinism. Much of the literature takes determinism as its starting premise, assuming it true for the sake of discussion, and then proceeds to present arguments for why, if…

This paper uses decision-theoretic principles to obtain new insights into the assessment and updating of probabilities. First, a new foundation of Bayesianism is given. It does not require infinite atomless uncertainties as did Savage s…

Decision theories offer principled methods for making choices under various types of uncertainty. Algorithms that implement these theories have been successfully applied to a wide range of real-world problems, including materials and drug…

The manuscript contains elegant extensions of the fundamental variational principles: Br\o ndsted's and Ekeland's. On the other hand we get general and precise version of the Takahashi and the Cariste fixed point theorems. The results are…

This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability…

We give a probabilistic analysis of inductive knowledge and belief and explore its predictions concerning knowledge about the future, about laws of nature, and about the values of inexactly measured quantities. The analysis combines a…

I defend an analog of probabilism that characterizes rationally coherent estimates for chances. Specifically, I demonstrate the following accuracy-dominance result for stochastic theories in the C*-algebraic framework: supposing an…

This paper studies the connection between probabilistic conditional independence in uncertain reasoning and data dependency in relational databases. As a demonstration of the usefulness of this preliminary investigation, an alternate proof…

Within classical propositional logic, assigning probabilities to formulas is shown to be equivalent to assigning probabilities to valuations. A novel notion of probabilistic entailment enjoying desirable properties of logical consequence is…

May randomness (real numbers, opinions) evolve into order (regularity) with time? We study some polarization and symmetry properties, which emerge in time evolution of opinions (real numbers) within entries of two and three-dimensional…

This paper presents a plausible reasoning system to illustrate some broad issues in knowledge representation: dualities between different reasoning forms, the difficulty of unifying complementary reasoning styles, and the approximate nature…

We propose a formalization of the three-tier causal hierarchy of association, intervention, and counterfactuals as a series of probabilistic logical languages. Our languages are of strictly increasing expressivity, the first capable of…