相关论文: Typicality Defended

Hartle and Srednicki have suggested that standard quantum theory does not favor our typicality. Here an alternative version is proposed in which typicality is likely, Eventual Quantum Mechanics. This version allows one to calculate…

A central focus of data science is the transformation of empirical evidence into knowledge. As such, the key insights and scientific attitudes of deep thinkers like Fisher, Popper, and Tukey are expected to inspire exciting new advances in…

The likelihood principle makes strong claims about the nature of statistical evidence but is controversial. Its claims are undermined by the existence of several examples that are assumed to show that it allows, with unity probability,…

G{\"o}del's second incompleteness theorem forbids to prove, in a given theory U, the consistency of many theories-in particular, of the theory U itself-as well as it forbids to prove the normalization property for these theories, since this…

Bayesian probability theory is used to analyze the oft-made assumption that humans are typical observers in the universe. Some theoretical calculations make the {\it selection fallacy} that we are randomly chosen from a class of objects by…

We prove a normality theorem for the "true" elementary subgroups of $SL_n(A)$ defined by the ideals of a commutative unital ring $A$. Our result is an analogue of a normality theorem, due to Suslin, for the standard elementary subgroups,…

Typicality has always been in the minds of the founding fathers of probability theory when probabilistic reasoning is applied to the real world. However, the role of typicality is not always appreciated. An example is the paper "Foundations…

Extracting predictions from cosmological theories that describe a multiverse, for what we are likely to observe in our domain, is crucial to establishing the validity of these theories. One way to extract such predictions is from…

In general proof theory there are two approaches to the question of identity criteria for proofs. The first approach, which stems from Prawitz, Kreisel and Lambek, and is based on normalization of proofs, gives good results in…

We develop a technique for normalization for $\infty$-type theories. The normalization property helps us to prove a coherence theorem: the initial model of a given $\infty$-type theory is $0$-truncated. The coherence theorem justifies…

Statisticians have warned us since the early days of their discipline that experimental correlation between two observations by no means implies the existence of a causal relation. The question about what clues exist in observational data…

The principle of the common cause claims that if an improbable coincidence has occurred, there must exist a common cause. This is generally taken to mean that positive correlations between non-causally related events should disappear when…

Philosophers now seem to agree that frequentism is an untenable strategy to explain the meaning of probabilities. Nevertheless, I want to revive frequentism, and I will do so by grounding probabilities on typicality in the same way as the…

Some considerations showing that renormalizable theories with consistent perturbative theries can not be nonperturbatively finite (in terms of bare parameters) are provided. Accordingly any fundamental unified theory has to be either non…

A simple proof of the convergence of the variational regularization, with the regularization parameter, chosen by the discrepancy principle, is given for linear operators under suitable assumptions. It is shown that the discrepancy…

We discuss the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. We introduce a concept of monotonicity which is related to the diminution of the range between belief and plausibility. We show that the accumulation of knowledge in this framework exhibits…

Normality, in the colloquial sense, has historically been considered an aspirational trait, synonymous with ideality. The arithmetic average and, by extension, statistics including linear regression coefficients, have often been used to…

The results of the renormalization group are commonly advertised as the existence of power law singularities near critical points. The classic predictions are often violated and logarithmic and exponential corrections are treated on a…

A central problem in proof-theory is that of finding criteria for identity of proofs, that is, for when two distinct formal derivations can be taken as denoting the same logical argument. In the literature one finds criteria which are…

This article is an exposition of recent results and methods on the prevalence of normal numbers in the support of self-similar measures on the line. We also provide an essentially self-contained proof of a recent Theorem that the Rajchman…