相关论文: p-Adic Degeneracy of the Genetic Code

In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict AAs positions; more exactly, with AAs ordinal number in three variants; first variant 00-19, second 00-21 and third…

The systematics of indices of physico-chemical properties of codons and amino acids across the genetic code are examined. Using a simple numerical labelling scheme for nucleic acid bases, data can be fitted as low-order polynomials of the 6…

A representation of the genetic code as a six-dimensional Boolean hypercube is proposed. It is assumed here that this structure is the result of the hierarchical order of the interaction energies of the bases in codon-anticodon recognition.…

The genetic code refers to a rule that maps 64 codons to 20 amino acids. Nearly all organisms, with few exceptions, share the same genetic code, the standard genetic code (SGC). While it remains unclear why this universal code has arisen…

In the present work, 16 genetic code doublets and their cognate amino acids in the genetic code are fitted into a polyhedron model. Based on the structural regularity in nucleobases, and by using a series of common-sense topological…

Ultrametric approach to the genetic code and the genome is considered and developed. $p$-Adic degeneracy of the genetic code is pointed out. Ultrametric tree of the codon space is presented. It is shown that codons and amino acids can be…

The universal genetic code presents a fundamental paradox in molecular biology. Recent advances in synthetic biology have demonstrated that the code is remarkably flexible--organisms can survive with 61 codons instead of 64, natural…

The origin and organizing principles of the genetic code remain fundamental puzzles in life science. The vanishingly low probability of the natural codon-to-amino acid mapping arising by chance has spurred the hypothesis that its structure…

A quantitative theory on the construction and the evolution of the genetic code is proposed. Through introducing the concept of mutational deterioration (MD) and developing a theoretical formalism on MD minimization we have proved: 1, the…

Degeneracy is a salient feature of genetic codes, because there are more codons than amino acids. The conventional table for genetic codes suffers from an inability of illustrating a symmetrical nature among genetic base codes. In fact,…

Several technological applications require the translation of a protein into a nucleic acid that codes for it (``backtranslation''). The degeneracy of the genetic code makes this translation ambiguous; moreover, not every translation is…

Living organisms are the most complex, interesting and significant objects regarding all substructures of the universe. Life science is regarded as a science of the 21st century and one can expect great new discoveries in the near futures.…

This work aims at showing the relevance and the applications possibilities of the Fibonacci sequence, and also its q-deformed or quantum extension, in the study of the genetic code(s). First, after the presentation of a new formula, an…

The number of atoms in the four ribonucleotides uridine monophosphate, cytidine monophosphate, adenine monophosphate and guanine monophosphate is taken as a key parameter. A mathematical relation describing the condensation of the three…

The biological distinction between the base positions in the codon, the chemical types of bases (purine and pyrimidine) and their hydrogen bond number have been the most relevant codon properties used in the genetic code analysis. Now,…

We present a completely new version of our arithmetic model of the standard genetic code and compute in a straightforward manner the exact numeric degeneracies of the five multiplets without any trick for the doublets and the sextets, as we…

A representation of the genetic code as a six-dimensional Boolean hypercube is described. This structure is the result of the hierarchical order of the interaction energies of the bases in codon-anticodon recognition. In this paper it is…

The previously formulated model for the evolution of the genetic code was shown to clarify why base triplets of some precursor amino acids differ by a single base from product amino acid codons, while others show less homology. First, the…

This article introduces a novel binary representation of the canonical genetic code based on both the structural similarities of the nucleotides, as well as the physicochemical properties of the encoded amino acids. Each of the four mRNA…

This note represents the further progress in understanding the determination of the genetic code by Golden mean (Rakocevic, 1998). Three classes of amino acids that follow from this determination (the 7 "golden" amino acids, 7 of their…