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The codification in higher dimensional Hilbert Spaces (whose logical basis states are dubbed qudits in analogy with bidimensional qubits) presents various advantages both for Quantum Information applications and for studies on Foundations…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-02-27 Marco Genovese , Paolo Traina

The five-qubit quantum error correcting code encodes one logical qubit to five physical qubits, and protects the code from a single error. It was one of the first quantum codes to be invented, and various encoding circuits have been…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-09 Arijit Mondal , Keshab K. Parhi

Quantum error-correcting codes aim to protect information in quantum systems to enable fault-tolerant quantum computations. The most prevalent method, stabilizer codes, has been well developed for many varieties of systems, however, largely…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-01-10 Lane G. Gunderman

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

The stabilizer formalism is a scheme, generalizing well-known techniques developed by Gottesman [quant-ph/9705052] in the case of qubits, to efficiently simulate a class of transformations ("stabilizer circuits", which include the quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-03-20 Niel de Beaudrap

This article provides an introduction to surface code quantum computing. We first estimate the size and speed of a surface code quantum computer. We then introduce the concept of the stabilizer, using two qubits, and extend this concept to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-10-30 Austin G. Fowler , Matteo Mariantoni , John M. Martinis , Andrew N. Cleland

We address the task of verifying whether a quantum computer, designed to be protected by a specific stabilizer code, correctly encodes the corresponding logical qubits. To achieve this, we develop a general framework for subspace…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-10 Congcong Zheng , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang , Ping Xu , Kun Wang

In this paper, we prove how to extend a subset of quantum stabilizer codes into a qudit hybrid code storing $\log_2 p$ classical bits over a qudit space with dimension $p$, with $p$ prime. Our proof also gives an explicit procedure for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-10-21 Lane G. Gunderman

Universal quantum computers require fault-tolerant logical qudits, as qudits naturally align with the simulation of multi-level physical systems. Here, we present a general framework and working examples for encoding fault-tolerant logical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-24 Sumin Lim

Finite local Hilbert-space truncations arise naturally in quantum simulations of lattice field theories and motivate qudit encodings, but their fault-tolerant advantage over qubit encodings remains unclear. We compare the non-Clifford cost…

Encoding in a high-dimensional Hilbert space improves noise resilience in quantum information processing. This approach, however, may result in cross-mode coupling and detection complexities, thereby reducing quantum cryptography…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-30 Amit Kam , Kfir Sulimany , Shai Tsesses , Uzi Pereg

We discuss stabilizer quantum-error correction codes implemented in a single multi-level qudit to avoid resource escalation typical of multi-qubit codes. These codes can be customized to the specific physical errors on the qudit,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-16 Matteo Mezzadri , Alessandro Chiesa , Luca Lepori , Stefano Carretta

Encoding a qubit in a larger Hilbert space of an oscillator is an efficient way to protect its quantum information against decoherence. Promising examples of such bosonic encodings are the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes. In this…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-25 Jonathan Pelletier , Baptiste Royer

The stable operation of quantum computers will rely on error-correction, in which single quantum bits of information are stored redundantly in the Hilbert space of a larger system. Such encoded qubits are commonly based on arrays of many…

We propose a superconducting qubit based on engineering the first and second harmonics of the Josephson energy and phase relation $E_{J1}\cos \varphi$ and $E_{J2}\cos 2\varphi$. By constructing a circuit such that $E_{J2}$ is negative and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-24 Max Hays , Junghyun Kim , William D. Oliver

We discuss properties of probabilistic coding of two qubits to one qutrit and generalize the scheme to higher dimensions. We show that the protocol preservers entanglement between qubits to be encoded and environment and can be also applied…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-07-24 Andrzej Grudka , Antoni Wojcik , Mikolaj Czechlewski

Collective decoherence is possible if the departure between quantum bits is smaller than the effective wave length of the noise field. Collectivity in the decoherence helps us to devise more efficient quantum codes. We present a class of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Lu-Ming Duan , Guang-Can Guo

We present a theorem that shows that all useful protocols for magic state distillation output states with a fidelity that is upper-bounded by those generated by a much smaller class of protocols. This reduced class consists of the protocols…

量子物理 · 物理学 2010-02-15 Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

For a quantum computer acting on d-dimensional systems, we analyze the computational power of circuits wherein stabilizer operations are perfect and we allow access to imperfect non-stabilizer states or operations. If the noise rate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2011-03-21 Wim van Dam , Mark Howard

A major difficulty in quantum computation is the ability to implement fault tolerant computations, protecting information against undesired interactions with the environment. Stabiliser codes were introduced as a means to protect…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-17 Simeon Ball , Raven Zhang