亚细胞过程
Turgor is the driving force of plant growth, making possible for roots to overcome soil resistance or for stems to counteract gravity. Maintaining a constant growth rate while avoiding the cell content dilution, which would progressively…
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the coding sequence of the huntingtin protein. Initially, it predominantly affects medium-sized spiny neurons (MSSNs) of the corpus…
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an endogenous, highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite generated under hyperglycaemic conditions. MGO plays a role in developing pathophysiological conditions, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms…
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, an evolutionarily conserved motif present in all eukaryotic cells, is involved in coordinating critical cell-fate decisions, regulating protein synthesis, and mediating learning…
Biological cells replicate their genomes in a well-planned manner. The DNA replication program of an organism determines the timing at which different genomic regions are replicated, with fundamental consequences for cell homeostasis and…
Super-resolution microscopy, or nanoscopy, enables the use of fluorescent-based molecular localization tools to study molecular structure at the nanoscale level in the intact cell, bridging the mesoscale gap to classical structural biology…
Many imaging techniques for biological systems -- like fixation of cells coupled with fluorescence microscopy -- provide sharp spatial resolution in reporting locations of individuals at a single moment in time but also destroy the dynamics…
High-content image-based assays have fueled significant discoveries in the life sciences in the past decade (2013-2023), including novel insights into disease etiology, mechanism of action, new therapeutics, and toxicology predictions.…
Stochastic models of gene expression are typically formulated using the chemical master equation, which can be solved exactly or approximately using a repertoire of analytical methods. Here, we provide a tutorial review of an alternative…
Translation of proteins is a fundamental part of gene expression that is mediated by ribosomes. As ribosomes significantly contribute to both cellular mass and energy consumption, achieving efficient management of the ribosome population is…
One of the most relevant prognostication tests for tumors is cellular proliferation, which is most commonly measured by the mitotic activity in routine tumor sections. The goal of this systematic review is to scholarly analyze the methods…
Increased proliferation is a key driver of tumorigenesis, and quantification of mitotic activity is a standard task for prognostication. The goal of this systematic review is scholarly analysis of all available references on mitotic…
We propose and analyse an active hydrodynamic theory that characterises the effects of the scaffold protein anillin. Anillin is found at major sites of cortical activity, such as adherens junctions and the cytokinetic furrow, where the…
We study how Cas9, a central component of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, searches for a target sequence on the DNA. We propose a model that includes as key ingredients 3D diffusion, 1D sliding along the DNA, and the effect of short binding…
mRNA translation is a crucial process that leads to protein synthesis in living cells. Therefore, it is a process that needs to work optimally for a cell to stay healthy and alive. With advancements in microscopy and novel experimental…
Cell growth and gene expression, essential elements of all living systems, have long been the focus of biophysical interrogation. Advances in single-cell methods have invigorated theoretical studies into these processes. However, until…
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively-charged glycerophospholipid found mainly in the plasma membrane (PM) and in the late secretory/endocytic compartments, where it regulates cellular activity and can mediate apoptosis. Export of PS from…
In the modern world, technology is at its peak. Different avenues in programming and technology have been explored for data analysis, automation, and robotics. Machine learning is key to optimize data analysis, make accurate predictions,…
Transport of intracellular cargo is often mediated by teams of molecular motors that function in a chaotic environment under varying conditions. We show that the motors have unique steady state behavior which enables transport modalities…
The translation of messenger RNA transcripts to proteins is commonly modeled as a one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion process with extended particles. Here we focus on the effects of premature termination of translation through the…