数据分析、统计与概率

Physical systems are often simulated using a stochastic computation where different final states result from identical initial states. Here, we derive the minimum energy cost of simulating a complex data set of a general physical system…

Fitting a data set with a parametrized model can be seen geometrically as finding the global minimum of the chi^2 hypersurface, depending on a set of parameters {P_i}. This is usually done using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The main…

We propose a methodology to study music development by applying multivariate statistics on composers characteristics. Seven representative composers were considered in terms of eight main musical features. Grades were assigned to each…

We introduce a contrarian opinion (CO) model in which a fraction p of contrarians within a group holds a strong opinion opposite to the opinion held by the rest of the group. At the initial stage, stable clusters of two opinions, A and B…

A record is an entry in a time series that is larger or smaller than all previous entries. If the time series consists of independent, identically distributed random variables with a superimposed linear trend, record events are positively…

Extreme events are an important theme in various areas of science because of their typically devastating effects on society and their scientific complexities. The latter is particularly true if the underlying dynamics does not lead to…

The study of interdependent networks, and in particular the robustness on networks, has attracted considerable attention. Recent studies mainly assume that the dependence is fully interdependent. However, targeted attack for partially…

Partial wave analysis is a core tool in hadron spectroscopy. With the high statistics data available at facilities such as the Beijing Spectrometer III, this procedure becomes computationally very expensive. We have successfully implemented…

Compression wave analysis started nearly 50 years ago with Fowles.[1] Coperthwaite and Williams [2] gave a method that helps identify simple and steady waves. We have been developing a method that gives describes the non-isentropic…

We study a model for coupled networks introduced recently by Buldyrev et al., Nature 464, 1025 (2010), where each node has to be connected to others via two types of links to be viable. Removing a critical fraction of nodes leads to a…

By tracking tracer particles at high speeds and for long times, we study the geometric statistics of Lagrangian trajectories in an intensely turbulent laboratory flow. In particular, we consider the distinction between the displacement of…

We propose a method to measure real-valued time series irreversibility which combines two differ- ent tools: the horizontal visibility algorithm and the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This method maps a time series to a directed network…

We investigate a stationary process's crypticity---a measure of the difference between its hidden state information and its observed information---using the causal states of computational mechanics. Here, we motivate crypticity and cryptic…

This paper investigates an approximation scheme of the optimal nonlinear Bayesian filter based on the Gaussian mixture representation of the state probability distribution function. The resulting filter is similar to the particle filter,…

We propose a robust ensemble filtering scheme based on the $H_{\infty}$ filtering theory. The optimal $H_{\infty}$ filter is derived by minimizing the supremum (or maximum) of a predefined cost function, a criterion different from the…

The recent paper by Mohr and Phillips (arXiv:1409.2794) describes several problems relating to the treatment of angle measurement within SI, the unit hertz, and quantities that can be considered countable (rather than measureable). However,…

We develop the analysis of x-ray intensity correlations from dilute ensembles of identical particles in a number of ways. First, we show that the 3D particle structure can be determined if the particles can be aligned with respect to a…

We present new, original and alternative method for searching signals coded in noisy data. The method is based on the properties of random matrix eigenvalue spectra. First, we describe general ideas and support them with results of…

Hayabusa asteroid explorer successfully released the sample capsule to Australia on June 13, 2010. Since the Earth reentry phase of sample return was critical, many backup plans for predicting the landing location were prepared. This paper…

Recent empirical observations suggest a heterogeneous nature of human activities. The heavy-tailed inter-event time distribution at population level is well accepted, while whether the individual acts in a heterogeneous way is still under…