数据分析、统计与概率

Map generalization is a process of producing maps at different levels of detail by retaining essential properties of the underlying geographic space. In this paper, we explore how the map generalization process can be guided by the…

The ROOT based Offline and Online Analysis (ROAn) framework was developed to perform data analysis on data from Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DePFET) detectors, a type of active pixel sensors developed at the MPI…

How does one search for a needle in a multi-dimensional haystack without knowing what a needle is and without knowing if there is one in the haystack? This kind of problem requires a paradigm shift - away from hypothesis driven searches of…

Wind energy is becoming a top contributor to the renewable energy mix, which raises potential reliability issues for the grid due to the fluctuating nature of its source. To achieve adequate reserve commitment and to promote market…

Advanced inference techniques allow one to reconstruct the pattern of interaction from high dimensional data sets. We focus here on the statistical properties of inferred models and argue that inference procedures are likely to yield models…

In this paper we report the existence of long-range memory in the opening moves of a chronologically ordered set of chess games using an extensive chess database. We used two mapping rules to build discrete time series and analyzed them…

The subjects of the paper are the likelihood method (LM) and the expected Fisher information (FI) considered from the point od view of the construction of the physical models which originate in the statistical description of phenomena. The…

We discuss the traditional criterion for discovery in Particle Physics of requiring a significance corresponding to at least 5 sigma; and whether a more nuanced approach might be better.

I argue here that both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, generally understood to be quintessentially physical in nature, can be equally well described as being about certain types of information without the need to invoke…

We study a one-dimensional random walk with memory. The behavior of the walker is modified with respect to the simple symmetric random walk (SSRW) only when he is at the maximum distance ever reached from his starting point (home). In this…

We propose a simple probabilistic model of zapping behavior of television viewers. Our model might be regarded as a `theoretical platform' to investigate the human collective behavior in the macroscopic scale through the zapping action of…

The effect of correlations between model parameters and nuisance parameters is discussed, in the context of fitting model parameters to data. Modifications to the usual $\chi^2$ method are required. Fake data studies, as used at present,…

We investigate assortativity of functional brain networks before, during, and after one-hundred epileptic seizures with different anatomical onset locations. We construct binary functional networks from multi-channel electroencephalographic…

An Horizontal Visibility Graph (for short, HVG) is defined in association with an ordered set of non-negative reals. HVGs realize a methodology in the analysis of time series, their degree distribution being a good discriminator between…

In the study of small and large networks it is customary to perform a simple random walk, where the random walker jumps from one node to one of its neighbours with uniform probability. The properties of this random walk are intimately…

Histograms are convenient non-parametric density estimators, which continue to be used ubiquitously. Summary quantities estimated from histogram-based probability density models depend on the choice of the number of bins. We introduce a…

A general mathematical derivation is given of the uncertainty arising from photon statistics in spectroscopic determination of line shift and width, in the presence of a background spectrum.

For the multi-resolution of wavelet transform, it used to filter the complex gamma Spectrum, the fluctuation is filtered, while the detector resolution is still kept well, which has been demonstrated as a new, promising technique for gamma…

We have developed a physically-intuitive method to calculate the local lattice constant as a function of position in a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image by performing a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. We apply a…

For accurate forecast of climate change, sea ice mass balance, ocean circulation and sea- atmosphere interactions is required to have long term records of Sea Ice Thickness (SIT). Different approaches have been applied to retrieve SIT and…