大气与海洋物理

Shan et al. (2023) recently reported significant seasonal advances of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) since the 1980s, and emphasized the data insensitivity of this…

Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) firestorms -- wildfire-generated thunderstorms -- can trigger rapid fire spread. However, the multi-physics nature of pyroCb has made their core mechanisms inaccessible to direct observation and previous simulation…

In the forward model for limb-scanning instruments, ray tracing must be accounted for because variations in air refractivity cause the lines of sight to bend from straight paths into curves. The tangent point of a line of sight is defined…

We examine the structure of large-scale convectively coupled Kelvin and Rossby waves in a suite of modern AI-ML models. In particular, multiple runs of PanguWeather, GraphCast, FourCastNet and Aurora are performed to assess the structure of…

Climate tipping points are critical thresholds in Earth's climate system where a small change can cause abrupt and potentially irreversible shifts towards a new state. Tipping points in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)…

The computational cost of dynamical downscaling limits ensemble sizes in regional downscaling efforts. We present a newly developed generative-AI approach to greatly expand the scope of such downscaling, enabling fine-scale future changes…

Reconstructing ocean dynamics from observational data is fundamentally limited by the sparse, irregular, and Lagrangian nature of spatial sampling, particularly in subsurface and remote regions. This sparsity poses significant challenges…

Monin--Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST), which underpins nearly all bulk estimates of surface fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer, assumes monotonic wind profiles and vertically uniform momentum and heat fluxes. Here, we show that…

High-Sfrequency (HF) ray tracing in the complex ionospheric medium generally faces a fundamental trade-off between path accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper presents a high-fidelity Ray Tracing Method (RTM) synergistically…

The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is a convection-allowing model used in operational weather forecasting across the contiguous United States (CONUS). To provide a computationally efficient alternative, we introduce HRRRCast, a…

Estimating the mean annual power of a wave energy converter (WEC) through the method of bins relies on a parametric representation of all possible sea states. In practice, two-parameter spectra based on significant wave height and energy…

Cross-assignment of directional wave spectra is a critical task in wave data assimilation. Traditionally, most methods rely on two-parameter spectral distances or energy ranking approaches, which often fail to account for the complexities…

The dataset gathers particulate matter (PM2.5) measurements collected using fixed and mobile micro-sensors (AlphaSense OPC-N3) in the Rennes Metropolitan area from April 1 to December 31, 2020.

Declines in resilience have been observed in several climate tipping elements over the past decades, including the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the Amazon rainforest (AR). Large-scale nonlinear and possibly…

With the recent increase in deforestation, forest fires, and regional temperatures, the concerns around the rapid and complete collapse of the Amazon rainforest ecosystem have heightened. The thresholds of deforestation and the temperature…

There is growing interest in data-driven weather prediction (DDWP), for example using convolutional neural networks such as U-NETs that are trained on data from models or reanalysis. Here, we propose 3 components to integrate with commonly…

Past research has shown that multiple climate subsystems might undergo abrupt shifts, such as the Arctic Winter sea ice or the Amazon rainforest, but there are large uncertainties regarding their timing and spatial extent. In this study we…

In the present study, we performed a 53-year wave hindcast (1970-2022) for a significant portion of the South China Sea (SCS) with an unstructured mesh that reaches considerably high resolution along the coasts of the Guangdong province…

Accurate ocean forecasting systems are essential for understanding marine dynamics, which play a crucial role in sectors such as shipping, aquaculture, environmental monitoring, and coastal risk management. Traditional numerical solvers,…

Evaporation is gaining increasing attention as a calibration and evaluation variable in hydrologic studies that seek to improve the physical realism of hydrologic models and go beyond the long-established streamflow-only calibration.…