大气与海洋物理
We examine the westward-propagating quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during boreal summer, with a focus on how background moisture and winds shape its structure and propagation. In dry regions, convection lags the circulation by nearly a…
Mixed-phase clouds, composed of supercooled liquid droplets and ice crystals, play a critical role in weather and climate systems. Their complex microphysical interactions and coupling with turbulence at microscales govern the cloud…
Low-mode baroclinic tides play a major role in ocean dynamics, especially for energy redistribution and deep ocean mixing. These internal waves, generated by tidal flow over submarine topography, can propagate for thousands of kilometres…
Observational evidence of extreme vertical velocities (|w| ge 12.5 m/s and at times greater than 50 m/s) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), has emerged in recent years. We refer to these events as Rogue Vertical Drafts (RVDs).…
The size of tropical cyclone (TC) embryos is an essential predictor of TC genesis. Recent studies have identified cold pools and planetary rotation as factors that increase and decrease TC embryo size. While the planetary rotation effect…
A concern for stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is that stratospheric aerosols could inadvertently alter rain and winds through mechanisms independent of the intended surface cooling. We here use a multi-model framework to investigate…
Machine learning (ML) has shown significant promise in studying complex geophysical dynamical systems, including turbulence and climate processes. Such systems often display sensitive dependence on initial conditions, reflected in positive…
Approximately 1.4 Ga after life first appeared, atmospheric oxygen suddenly jumped by more than an order of magnitude over a 20-50 Ma period. The contrast between these two timescales does not seem to be due to any sudden, large amplitude…
El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth's strongest source of interannual climate variability. Although its center of action is in the tropical Pacific, it has significant influences on the climate at the planetary scale. ENSO is…
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) plays a critical role in governing turbulent exchanges of momentum, heat moisture, and trace gases between the Earth's surface and the free atmosphere, thereby influencing meteorological phenomena, air…
MMitigating contrail-induced warming by re-routing flights around contrail-forming regions requires accurate and stable forecasts of the state of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Forecast stability (i.e., consistency between…
The weather forecasting system is important for science and society, and significant achievements have been made in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to medium-range weather forecasting. However, existing AI-based weather forecasting…
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides two-dimensional sea surface height (SSH) maps at unprecedented resolution, but its signal is a combination of balanced meso- and submesoscale turbulence, unbalanced internal…
The OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule hypersonic re-entry into the atmosphere is a rare opportunity to test a variety of sonic boom source models since the projectile dimensions are well characterized. While the as-flown flight path is…
Treatment of fields near domain boundaries is a long-standing problem in signal processing that has come into renewed focus following recent efforts in convolution-based multiscale coarse-graining and in machine-learned parameterizations…
During the summer season of 2025, noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed at the latitudes 55-60N from the late May until the late August. A distinct 5-day periodicity in their occurrence emerged following the summer solstice. Analysis of…
The aim of this study is to provide a probabilistic gust analysis for the region of Germany that is calibrated with station observations and with an interpolation to unobserved locations. To this end, we develop a spatial Bayesian…
Located in northern Chile (23.7{\deg}S, 70.4{\deg}W), Antofagasta has an exceptionally arid and stable climate characterized by minimal precipitation and consistent weather patterns. Nevertheless, despite these climate conditions being…
The statistical behavior of weather variables of Antofagasta is described, especially the daily data of air as temperature, pressure and relative humidity measured at 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00. In this article, we use a time series…
Mountains represent a crucial natural resource for many regions worldwide, particularly in Mediterranean areas such as the Iberian Peninsula, where climate change can have profound consequences. However, due to their coarse resolution,…