大气与海洋物理
The shoaling of high-amplitude Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) of depression in the South China Sea (SCS) is examined through large-scale parallel turbulence-resolving high-accuracy/resolution simulations. A select, near-isobath-normal,…
Wave breaking injects turbulence and bubbles into the upper ocean, modulating air-sea exchange of momentum, heat, gases, and sea-spray aerosols. These fluxes depend nonlinearly on sea state but remain poorly represented in coupled…
Kilometer-scale simulations of the atmosphere are an important tool for assessing local weather extremes and climate impacts, but computational expense limits their use to small regions, short periods, and limited ensembles. Machine…
High-resolution climate simulations are valuable for understanding climate change impacts. This has motivated use of regional convection-permitting climate models (CPMs), but these are very computationally expensive. We present a…
WindBorne Systems has developed a constellation of long-duration atmospheric balloons to collect meteorological data across the globe, filling gaps in current in-situ data collection methods. Each Global Sounding Balloon (GSB) is capable of…
Artificial intelligence (AI) models have transformed weather forecasting, but their skill for gray swan extremes is unclear. Here, we analyze GraphCast, AIFS, and FuXi forecasts of the unprecedented 2024 Dubai storm, which had twice the…
The heavy-tailed nature of precipitation intensity impedes precise precipitation nowcasting. Standard models that optimize pixel-wise losses are prone to regression-to-the-mean bias, which blurs extreme values. Existing Fourier-based…
We introduce Version 3 (V3) of the gridded near real-time Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) product -- the first fully global, historical machine learning powered precipitation (P) dataset, developed to meet the growing…
Reliable estimation of the raindrop size distribution (RSD) is important for applications including quantitative precipitation estimation, soil erosion modelling, and wind turbine blade erosion. While in situ instruments such as…
The artificial intelligence revolution is fueling a paradigm shift in weather forecasting: forecasts are generated with machine learning models trained on large datasets rather than with physics-based numerical models that solve partial…
Historical archives contain qualitative descriptions of climate events, yet converting these into quantitative records has remained a fundamental challenge. Here we introduce a paradigm shift: a generative AI framework that inverts the…
Reconstructing high-resolution sea surface temperatures (SST) from staggered SST measurements is essential for weather forecasting and climate projections. However, when SST measurements are sparse, the resulting inferred SST fields are…
Land-atmosphere exchange processes are determined by turbulent fluxes, which can be derived from eddy-covariance measurements. This method was established to quantify ecosystem-scale vertical atmosphere-vegetation exchange processes, but is…
Transport and mixing of tracers in the ocean is thought to be preferentially along neutral planes defined by the potential temperature and salinity fields. This gives rise to a conceptual model of ocean transport in which water parcel…
This study provides an integrated damage assessment, visual evaluation, environmental context, and remote sensing analysis of the tornado event that struck the suburb of Candating in Arayat, Pampanga on 27 May 2024. Satellite imagery and…
Accurately quantifying air-sea fluxes is important for understanding air-sea interactions and improving coupled weather and climate systems. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to represent the highly variable nature of air-sea…
Accurate short-term warnings for extreme precipitation are critical for global disaster mitigation but are hindered by a persistent predictability barrier at the 2-6 hour horizon -- the "nowcasting gray zone." In this window, traditional…
Climate projections have uncertainties related to components of the climate system and their interactions. A typical approach to quantifying these uncertainties is to use climate models to create ensembles of repeated simulations under…
Recent advances in neural weather forecasting have shown significant potential for accurate short-term forecasts. However, adapting such gridded approaches to smaller, topographically complex regions like Switzerland introduces…
It is shown that condensation and precipitation do not disturb the hydrostatic equilibrium if the local pressure sink (condensation rate expressed in pressure units) is proportional to the local pressure, with a proportionality coefficient…