大气与海洋物理

This study develops a novel framework within the Weather Research and Forecast Model for modeling aerosol-cloud-lightning interactions. The framework explicitly represents aerosol-cloud interactions by prescribing aerosols with two…

An analysis was conducted of broadband sound pulses received by a vertical array in Lake Kinneret (Israel). For most frequencies within the pulse frequency bands, the array is sparse. The application of the autoproduct transform made it…

A method for calibrating a monopole sound source in a water tank with reflective side walls and bottom is considered. The idea of the method is based on the phenomenon of anomalous transparency of the water-air boundary for a sound source…

The environments of severe thunderstorms that produced hail were examined using 171 proximity soundings (2005-2024) archived in the 3rd Data Release of Project SWAP. These soundings were categorized based on their geographical occurrence…

We introduce FloeNet, a machine-learning emulator trained on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global sea ice model, SIS2. FloeNet is a mass-conserving model, emulating 6-hour mass and area budget tendencies related to sea ice and…

We quantify changes DeltaQ in 100-year return values for regional annual maxima and minima of near-surface atmospheric temperature from output of five CMIP6 models, for five of the Earth's desert regions, over the interval (2025,2125). We…

We develop a trajectory-based Koopman method for sea surface temperature (SST) that lifts annual SST segments using a signature kernel -- a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) kernel that compares paths via iterated-integral features --…

Cloud and precipitation microphysics packages in atmospheric general circulation models typically use first-order time integration methods with a large time step, requiring ad hoc limiters and substepping of the sedimentation scheme to…

We present Flo, a data-driven storm surge model, covering the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. The model is built using the Anemoi framework for creating machine learning weather forecasting systems, developed by the European…

Indonesia's nickel ore export ban has driven rapid expansion of smelting and hydrometallurgical processing capacity at the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP), now the world's largest integrated nickel processing complex, on the coast…

The conventional Ekman model of the tropical boundary layer neglects nonlinear momentum advection and breaks down near the equator, where Coriolis effects are weak. During South Asian monsoon onset, we identify a dynamical regime transition…

The characteristics of the nocturnal drainage wind flowing from the tributary Isarco Valley into the Bolzano basin, in the Italian Alps, during wintertime are investigated. Analyses are performed by combining measurements from an intensive…

Midlatitude jet streams exhibit substantial variability in latitude, width, and vertical depth on synoptic to multi-decadal timescales. While the upper-level dynamics of baroclinic waves have been extensively studied, the sensitivity of the…

Kossin et al. (2020) report a rising ratio of satellite observations of major C3-C5 storms relative to all C1-C5 storms from 1979 to 2017. Decomposing their R = N(C3+)/N(C1+) statistic into per-category shares shows that their trend was…

Contrails account for a large portion of aviation's contribution to anthropogenic climate change. Navigational contrail avoidance is a promising solution to mitigate the warming caused by contrails. Prior trials testing navigational…

Subgrid machine-learning (ML) parameterizations have the potential to introduce a new generation of climate models that incorporate the effects of higher-resolution physics without incurring the prohibitive computational cost associated…

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) often cause damaging winds, rainfall, and floods. However, the physical mechanisms governing their evolution remain poorly understood. To close this gap, we perform a global Vapor Kinetic Energy (VKE) budget…

Several large scale circulation patterns have been identified in relation to extreme Northern Hemisphere summer heatwaves. Three main ones are a double jet over Eurasia, a positive phase of the summer northern annular mode, and a…

AI weather foundation models now achieve forecast skill comparable to numerical weather prediction at far lower computational cost, yet their predictability for high-impact extremes across dynamical regimes remains uncertain. We evaluate…

This study investigates the use of machine learning based mesh adaptivity, specifically mesh movement methods (UM2N), with depth integrated non-hydrostatic shallow water models. Motivation for this comes from the need for models which…