综合数学
For finite Galois extension fields defined by odd degree irreducible polynomials over algebraic integer ring, we observe "Reciprocity Law" through Jacobian Variety by embedding all roots of the polynomials into 2-torsion points of Jacobian…
We present a deterministic relationship between relative primes and twin primes in successively larger sequences of the natural numbers. This enables setting a finite lower limit on the occurrence of actual twin primes in an unbounded…
A positive integer $n$ is called perfect if $ \sigma(n)=2n$, where $\sigma(n)$ denote the sum of divisors of $n$. In this paper we study the ratio $\frac{\sigma(n)}{n}$. We define the function Abundancy Index $I:\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Q}$…
Andrei et al. have shown in 2000 that the graph $\boldsymbol{\mathrm{C}}$ of the Collatz function starting with root $8$ after the initial loop is an infinite binary tree $\boldsymbol{A}(8)$. According to their result they gave a…
In this paper, several differentiability criteria for real functions of multiple variables in n-dimensional Euclidean space are considered. Simple and easy-to-use Cauchy-like criterion is formulated and proven. Relaxed sufficient conditions…
In this paper it is shown that a function of the constant dot product of the gradient operator acting on an arbitrary function can be transformed to a double three-dimensional integral. The inner one of them is a Fourier transform of the…
In this article we give the meaning of the determinant for 3D matrices with elements from a field F, and the meaning of 3D inverse matrix. Based on my previous work titled '3D Matrix Rings', we want to constructed the 'general linear group…
When a differential field $K$ having $n$ commuting derivations is given together with two finitely generated differential extensions $L$ and $M$ of $K$, an important problem in differential algebra is to exhibit a common differential…
This paper analyzes the emergence and distribution of potential twin primes, pairs of integers that are both relatively prime to the first n primes or to a given set M of primes, and which are the breeding grounds of true twin primes. It…
In this note, we will consider two classical volume problems related to elliptic integrals. The first problem has a neat formula by means of elliptic integrals. We remade it with details. In the second problem, we found a messy formula. On…
In this article, we define a very important sequence of functions, all the functions of this sequence present behaviors very close to that of the Collatz function. The study of such functions allows us to obtain very interesting results…
This paper introduces homotopic nerve complexes in a planar Whitehead CW space and their Rotman free group presentations. Nerve complexes were introduced by P.S. Alexandrov during the 1930s and recently given a formal structure from a…
The present manuscript is about application of It{\^o}'s calculus to the moment-generating function of the lognormal distribution. While Taylor expansion fails when applied to the moments of the lognormal due to divergence, various methods…
In this paper, we introduce the notion of expanding topological space. We define the topological expansion of a topological space via local multi-homeomorphism over coproduct topology, and we prove that the coproduct family associated to…
In this paper, we introduce the foundation of a fractal topological space constructed via a family of nested topological spaces endowed with subspace topologies, where the number of topological spaces involved in this family is related to…
From the more than two hundred partial orders for fuzzy numbers proposed in the literature, only a few are total. In this paper, we introduce the notion of admissible order for fuzzy numbers equipped with a partial order, i.e. a total order…
Ouroboros functions have shown some interesting properties when subjected to conventional operations. The aim of this paper is to continue our investigation and prove some additional properties of these functions. Using algebraic methods,…
Let $ x\geq 1 $ be a large number, let $ [x]=x-\{x\} $ be the largest integer function, and let $ \sigma(n)$ be the sum of divisors function. This note presents the first proof of the asymptotic formula for the average order $ \sum_{p\leq…
When flipping a fair coin, let $W = L_1L_2...L_N$ with $L_i\in\{H,T\}$ be a binary word of length $N=2$ or $N=3$. In this paper, we establish second- and third-order linear recurrence relations and their generating functions to discuss the…
Let $ x\geq 1 $ be a large number, let $ [x]=x-\{x\} $ be the largest integer function, and let $ \varphi(n)$ be the Euler totient function. The asymptotic formula for the new finite sum over the primes $ \sum_{p\leq…