Markarian 501 在 2012 年期间的极端 HBL 行为
高能天体物理现象
2020-01-29 v2
摘要
2012 年 3 月至 7 月间组织了一场多波段观测活动。借助超过 25 台仪器获得了极佳的时间覆盖，包括 MAGIC、FACT 和 VERITAS 切伦科夫望远镜、Swift 和 Fermi 航天器上的仪器，以及 GASP-WEBT 合作运行的望远镜。Mrk 501 在活动大部分时间内显示出高于 0.2 TeV 的甚高能（VHE）伽马射线通量约为蟹状星云通量（CU）的 0.5 倍。最高活动出现在 2012 年 6 月 9 日，当时 VHE 通量为 3 CU，且高能谱分量峰值位于 2 TeV。本研究报道了极硬的 X 射线能谱，以及迄今为 Mrk 501 测得的最硬 VHE 能谱。发现分数变率随能量增加而增大，最高变率出现在 VHE，且 X 射线与 VHE 波段间存在显著相关。测得的空前硬的 X 射线与 VHE 能谱意味着，在观测活动的大部分时间里，其低能和高能分量分别峰值高于 5 keV 和 0.5 TeV，因此 Mrk 501 在整个 2012 观测季表现得如同极端高频峰 blazar（EHBL）。这表明成为 EHBL 可能并非 blazar 的永久特征，而是一种可随时间改变的状态。单区同步自康普顿（SSC）情景能成功描述能量发射最集中的 SED 片段，且电子能量密度与 VHE 伽马射线活动间存在显著关联，表明大部分变率可由高能电子的注入解释。所用的单区 SSC 情景重现了所测 X 射线与 VHE 伽马射线通量间的行为，并预言该相关性随 X 射线能量增高而增强。
引用
@article{arxiv.1808.04300,
title = {The extreme HBL behaviour of Markarian 501 during 2012},
author = {M. L. Ahnen and S. Ansoldi and L. A. Antonelli and C. Arcaro and A. Babić and B. Banerjee and P. Bangale and U. Barres de Almeida and J. A. Barrio and J. Becerra González and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and W. Bhattacharyya and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and R. Carosi and A. Carosi and A. Chatterjee and S. M. Colak and P. Colin and E. Colombo and J. L. Contreras and J. Cortina and S. Covino and P. Cumani and P. Da Vela and F. Dazzi and A. De Angelis and B. De Lotto and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and F. Di Pierro and M. Doert and A. Domínguez and D. Dominis Prester and M. Doro and D. Eisenacher Glawion and M. Engelkemeier and V. Fallah Ramazani and A. Fernández-Barral and D. Fidalgo and M. V. Fonseca and L. Font and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and R. J. García López and M. Garczarczyk and M. Gaug and P. Giammaria and N. Godinović and D. Gora and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and T. Hassan and M. Hayashida and J. Herrera and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and K. Ishio and Y. Konno and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and D. Kuveždić and D. Lelas and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. López and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Martínez and D. Mazin and U. Menzel and M. Minev and J. M. Miranda and R. Mirzoyan and A. Moralejo and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and T. Nagayoshi and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki and M. Nievas Rosillo and C. Nigro and K. Nilsson and D. Ninci and K. Nishijima and K. Noda and L. Nogués and S. Paiano and J. Palacio and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and J. M. Paredes and G. Pedaletti and M. Peresano and L. Perri and M. Persic and P. G. Prada Moroni and E. Prandini and I. Puljak and J. R. Garcia and I. Reichardt and M. Ribó and J. Rico and C. Righi and A. Rugliancich and T. Saito and K. Satalecka and S. Schroeder and T. Schweizer and S. N. Shore and J. Sitarek and I. Šnidarić and D. Sobczynska and A. Stamerra and M. Strzys and T. Surić and L. Takalo and F. Tavecchio and P. Temnikov and T. Terzić and M. Teshima and N. Torres-Albà and A. Treves and S. Tsujimoto and G. Vanzo and M. Vazquez Acosta and I. Vovk and J. E. Ward and M. Will and D. Zarić and A. Arbet-Engels and D. Baack and M. Balbo and A. Biland and M. Blank and T. Bretz and K. Bruegge and M. Bulinski and J. Buss and A. Dmytriiev and D. Dorner and S. Einecke and D. Elsaesser and T. Herbst and D. Hildebrand and L. Kortmann and L. Linhoff and M. Mahlke and K. Mannheim and S. A. Mueller and D. Neise and A. Neronov and M. Noethe and J. Oberkirch and A. Paravac and W. Rhode and B. Schleicher and F. Schulz and K. Sedlaczek and A. Shukla and V. Sliusar and R. Walter and A. Archer and W. Benbow and R. Bird and R. Brose and J. H. Buckley and V. Bugaev and J. L. Christiansen and W. Cui and M. K. Daniel and A. Falcone and Q. Feng and J. P. Finley and G. H. Gillanders and O. Gueta and D. Hanna and O. Hervet and J. Holder and G. Hughes and M. Hütten and T. B. Humensky and C. A. Johnson and P. Kaaret and P. Kar and N. Kelley-Hoskins and M. Kertzman and D. Kieda and M. Krause and F. Krennrich and S. Kumar and M. J. Lang and T. T. Y. Lin and G. Maier and S. McArthur and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and S. O'Brien and R. A. Ong and A. N. Otte and N. Park and A. Petrashyk and A. Pichel and M. Pohl and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and P. T. Reynolds and G. T. Richards and E. Roache and A. C. Rovero and C. Rulten and I. Sadeh and M. Santander and G. H. Sembroski and K. Shahinyan and I. Sushch and J. Tyler and S. P. Wakely and A. Weinstein and R. M. Wells and P. Wilcox and A. Wilhel and D. A. Williams and T. J Williamson and B. Zitzer and M. Perri and F. Verrecchia and C. Leto and M. Villata and C. M. Raiteri and S. G. Jorstad and V. M. Larionov and D. A. Blinov and T. S. Grishina and E. N. Kopatskaya and E. G. Larionova and A. A. Nikiforova and D. A. Morozova and Yu. V. Troitskaya and I. S. Troitsky and O. M. Kurtanidze and M. G. Nikolashvili and S. O. Kurtanidze and G. N. Kimeridze and R. A. Chigladze and A. Strigachev and A. C. Sadun and J. W. Moody and W. P. Chen and H. C. Lin and J. A. Acosta-Pulido and M. J. Arévalo and M. I. Carnerero and P. A. González-Morales and A. Manilla-Robles and H. Jermak and I. Steele and C. Mundel and E. Benítez and D. Hiriart and P. S. Smith and W. Max-Moerbeck and A. C. S. Readhead and J. L. Richards and T. Hovatta and A. Lähteenmäki and M. Tornikoski and J. Tammi and M. Georganopoulos and M. G. Baring},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.04300},
year = {2020}
}
备注
25 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: Gareth Hughes ([email protected]), David Paneque ([email protected]), Amit Shukla ([email protected])