2010年2月马卡良421大耀发：多波段变率与相关性研究
高能天体物理现象
2020-04-06 v1
摘要
我们报道了利用耀变体Mrk 421在2010年2月间的多波段观测所进行的变率与相关性研究，在此期间VERITAS观测站测得甚高能(VHE) 射线在1 TeV以上达到约27 Crab Units的异常耀发。这是Mrk 421在VHE 射线中观测到的最高流量状态。数据分析来自跨多台仪器的协同观测活动，包括VHE 射线(VERITAS、MAGIC)、高能(HE) 射线(Fermi-LAT)、X射线(Swift、RXTE、MAXI)、光学(包括GASP-WEBT合作组和偏振数据)以及射电(Mets"ahovi、OVRO、UMRAO)。我们制作了覆盖VHE耀发峰值前后多天的光变曲线，包括若干个耀发“衰退”时段。主耀发统计量允许在VHE和光学波段均构建2分钟时间 bin，从而进行互相关分析，显示出光学滞后约25–55分钟的证据，这是首次在这些波段间报道如此短时间尺度上的时间滞后相关。由VERITAS在主耀发期间观测到的快速变率，获得了对多普勒因子()和发射区尺寸()的限制。对衰退时段上10分钟分箱的VHE与X射线数据的分析显示流量-流量关系呈现出异常广泛的行为：从线性到二次到无相关再到反相关。综合来看，这些对Mrk 421中史无前例耀发的细致观测难以用经典的单区同步辐射自康普顿模型解释。
引用
@article{arxiv.2002.03567,
title = {The Great Markarian 421 Flare of February 2010: Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies},
author = {A. U. Abeysekara and W. Benbow and R. Bird and A. Brill and R. Brose and M. Buchovecky and J. H. Buckley and J. L. Christiansen and A. J. Chromey and M. K. Daniel and J. Dumm and A. Falcone and Q. Feng and J. P. Finley and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and N. Galante and A. Gent and G. H. Gillanders and C. Giuri and O. Gueta and T. Hassan and O. Hervet and J. Holder and G. Hughes and T. B. Humensky and C. A. Johnson and P. Kaaret and P. Kar and N. Kelley-Hoskins and M. Kertzman and D. Kieda and M. Krause and F. Krennrich and S. Kumar and M. J. Lang and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and T. Nelson and D. Nieto and M. Nievas-Rosillo and S. O'Brien and R. A. Ong and A. N. Otte and N. Park and A. Petrashyk and A. Pichel and M. Pohl and R. R. Prado and E. Pueschel and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and P. T. Reynolds and G. T. Richards and E. Roache and A. C. Rovero and C. Rulten and I. Sadeh and M. Santander and G. H. Sembroski and K. Shahinyan and B. Stevenson and I. Sushch and J. Tyler and V. V. Vassiliev and S. P. Wakely and A. Weinstein and R. M. Wells and P. Wilcox and A. Wilhelm and D. A. Williams and B. Zitzer and V. A. Acciari and S. Ansoldi and L. A. Antonelli and A. Arbet Engels and D. Baack and A. Babić and B. Banerjee and U. Barres de Almeida and J. A. Barrio and J. Becerra González and W. Bednarek and L. Bellizzi and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and J. Besenrieder and W. Bhattacharyya and C. Bigongiari and A. Biland and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and G. Busetto and R. Carosi and G. Ceribella and Y. Chai and S. Cikota and S. M. Colak and U. Colin and E. Colombo and J. L. Contreras and J. Cortina and S. Covino and V. D'Elia and P. Da Vela and F. Dazzi and A. De Angelis and B. De Lotto and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and F. Di Pierro and E. Do Souto Espiñera and D. Dominis Prester and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Elsaesser and V. Fallah Ramazani and A. Fattorini and A. Fernández-Barral and G. Ferrara and D. Fidalgo and L. Foffano and M. V. Fonseca and L. Font and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and S. Gallozzi and R. J. García López and M. Garczarczyk and S. Gasparyan and M. Gaug and N. Godinović and D. Green and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and J. Herrera and J. Hoang and D. Hrupec and S. Inoue and K. Ishio and Y. Iwamura and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and A. Lamastra and D. Lelas and F. Leone and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. López and R. López-Coto and A. López-Oramas and B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and M. Mallamaci and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Martínez and S. Masuda and D. Mazin and D. Miceli and M. Minev and J. M. Miranda and R. Mirzoyan and E. Molina and A. Moralejo and D. Morcuende and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and P. Munar-Adrover and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki and M. Nievas Rosillo and C. Nigro and K. Nilsson and D. Ninci and K. Nishijima and K. Noda and L. Nogués and M. Nöthe and S. Paiano and J. Palacio and M. Palatiello and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and J. M. Paredes and P. Peñil and M. Peresano and M. Persic and P. G. Prada Moroni and E. Prandini and I. Puljak and W. Rhode and M. Ribó and J. Rico and C. Righi and A. Rugliancich and L. Saha and N. Sahakyan and T. Saito and K. Satalecka and T. Schweizer and J. Sitarek and I. Šnidarić and D. Sobczynska and A. Somero and A. Stamerra and D. Strom and M. Strzys and S. Sun and T. Surić and F. Tavecchio and P. Temnikov and T. Terzić and M. Teshima and N. Torres-Albà and S. Tsujimoto and J. van Scherpenberg and G. Vanzo and M. Vazquez Acosta and I. Vovk and M. Will and D. Zarić and H. D. Aller and M. F. Aller and M. T. Carini and D. Horan and B. Jordan and Svetlana G. Jorstad and O. M. Kurtanidze and S. O. Kurtanidze and A. Lähteenmäki and V. M. Larionov and E. G. Larionova and G. Madejski and Alan P. Marscher and W. Max-Moerbeck and J. Ward Moody and D. A. Morozova and M. G. Nikolashvili and C. M. Raiteri and A. C. S. Readhead and J. L. Richards and Alberto C. Sadun and T. Sakamoto and L. A. Sigua and P. S. Smith and H. Talvikki and J. Tammi and M. Tornikoski and I. S. Troitsky and M. Villata},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.03567},
year = {2020}
}
备注
41 pages including 3 appendices, 13 figures; version accepted to Astrophysical Journal