Planck 2013 结果. XXIII. CMB 的各向同性与统计
宇宙学与河外天体物理
2015-06-15 v3
摘要
使用 Planck 卫星的宇宙微波背景辐射 (CMB) 各向异性图,对标准宇宙学模型的两个基本假设——初始扰动统计各向同性且服从高斯分布——进行了严格检验。发现了偏离各向同性的现象,并证明其对成分分离算法、掩模选择和频率依赖性具有稳健性。这些异常现象中有许多此前已在 WMAP 数据中观测到,现在以相近的显著性水平(约 3 sigma)得到确认。然而,除了少数似乎与特定异常相关的统计特征外,我们几乎没有发现非高斯性的证据。特别地,我们发现四极-八极对齐也与观测到的 CMB 信号低方差有关。现在发现功率不对称性持续到约 l=600 对应的尺度,并且在低 l 区间可用唯象偶极调制模型描述。然而,任何原初功率不对称性都具有强烈的尺度依赖性,不会延伸至任意小的角尺度。最后,这些特征中的一部分可能反映在数据的角功率谱中,表现为在相似尺度上的功率缺失。事实上,当分别考虑由某一优先方向定义的两个半球的功率谱时,其中一个显示出功率缺失的证据,而其对侧半球包含奇偶模式之间的振荡,这可能与数据中同样检测到的宇称破坏和相位相关有关。尽管这些分析在增进对异常现象的理解方面迈出了一步,但目前仍缺乏基于物理动机模型的令人满意的解释。
引用
@article{arxiv.1303.5083,
title = {Planck 2013 results. XXIII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB},
author = {Planck Collaboration and P. A. R. Ade and N. Aghanim and C. Armitage-Caplan and M. Arnaud and M. Ashdown and F. Atrio-Barandela and J. Aumont and C. Baccigalupi and A. J. Banday and R. B. Barreiro and J. G. Bartlett and N. Bartolo and E. Battaner and R. Battye and K. Benabed and A. Benoît and A. Benoit-Lévy and J. -P. Bernard and M. Bersanelli and P. Bielewicz and J. Bobin and J. J. Bock and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and J. R. Bond and J. Borrill and F. R. Bouchet and M. Bridges and M. Bucher and C. Burigana and R. C. Butler and J. -F. Cardoso and A. Catalano and A. Challinor and A. Chamballu and R. -R. Chary and H. C. Chiang and L. -Y Chiang and P. R. Christensen and S. Church and D. L. Clements and S. Colombi and L. P. L. Colombo and F. Couchot and A. Coulais and B. P. Crill and M. Cruz and A. Curto and F. Cuttaia and L. Danese and R. D. Davies and R. J. Davis and P. de Bernardis and A. de Rosa and G. de Zotti and J. Delabrouille and J. -M. Delouis and F. -X. Désert and J. M. Diego and H. Dole and S. Donzelli and O. Doré and M. Douspis and A. Ducout and X. Dupac and G. Efstathiou and F. Elsner and T. A. Enßlin and H. K. Eriksen and Y. Fantaye and J. Fergusson and F. Finelli and O. Forni and M. Frailis and E. Franceschi and M. Frommert and S. Galeotta and K. Ganga and M. Giard and G. Giardino and Y. Giraud-Héraud and J. González-Nuevo and K. M. Górski and S. Gratton and A. Gregorio and A. Gruppuso and F. K. Hansen and M. Hansen and D. Hanson and D. L. Harrison and G. Helou and S. Henrot-Versillé and C. Hernández-Monteagudo and D. Herranz and S. R. Hildebrandt and E. Hivon and M. Hobson and W. A. Holmes and A. Hornstrup and W. Hovest and K. M. Huffenberger and A. H. Jaffe and T. R. Jaffe and W. C. Jones and M. Juvela and E. Keihänen and R. Keskitalo and J. Kim and T. S. Kisner and J. Knoche and L. Knox and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and G. Lagache and A. Lähteenmäki and J. -M. Lamarre and A. Lasenby and R. J. Laureijs and C. R. Lawrence and J. P. Leahy and R. Leonardi and C. Leroy and J. Lesgourgues and M. Liguori and P. B. Lilje and M. Linden-Vørnle and M. López-Caniego and P. M. Lubin and J. F. Macías-Pérez and B. Maffei and D. Maino and N. Mandolesi and A. Mangilli and D. Marinucci and M. Maris and D. J. Marshall and P. G. Martin and E. Martínez-González and S. Masi and M. Massardi and S. Matarrese and F. Matthai and P. Mazzotta and J. D. McEwen and P. R. Meinhold and A. Melchiorri and L. Mendes and A. Mennella and M. Migliaccio and K. Mikkelsen and S. Mitra and M. -A. Miville-Deschênes and D. Molinari and A. Moneti and L. Montier and G. Morgante and D. Mortlock and A. Moss and D. Munshi and J. A. Murphy and P. Naselsky and F. Nati and P. Natoli and C. B. Netterfield and H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen and F. Noviello and D. Novikov and I. Novikov and S. Osborne and C. A. Oxborrow and F. Paci and L. Pagano and F. Pajot and D. Paoletti and F. Pasian and G. Patanchon and H. V. Peiris and O. Perdereau and L. Perotto and F. Perrotta and F. Piacentini and M. Piat and E. Pierpaoli and D. Pietrobon and S. Plaszczynski and D. Pogosyan and E. Pointecouteau and G. Polenta and N. Ponthieu and L. Popa and T. Poutanen and G. W. Pratt and G. Prézeau and S. Prunet and J. -L. Puget and J. P. Rachen and B. Racine and C. Räth and R. Rebolo and M. Reinecke and M. Remazeilles and C. Renault and A. Renzi and S. Ricciardi and T. Riller and I. Ristorcelli and G. Rocha and C. Rosset and A. Rotti and G. Roudier and J. A. Rubiño-Martín and B. Ruiz-Granados and B. Rusholme and M. Sandri and D. Santos and G. Savini and D. Scott and M. D. Seiffert and E. P. S. Shellard and T. Souradeep and L. D. Spencer and J. -L. Starck and V. Stolyarov and R. Stompor and R. Sudiwala and F. Sureau and P. Sutter and D. Sutton and A. -S. Suur-Uski and J. -F. Sygnet and J. A. Tauber and D. Tavagnacco and L. Terenzi and L. Toffolatti and M. Tomasi and M. Tristram and M. Tucci and J. Tuovinen and M. Türler and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and B. Van Tent and J. Varis and P. Vielva and F. Villa and N. Vittorio and L. A. Wade and B. D. Wandelt and I. K. Wehus and M. White and A. Wilkinson and D. Yvon and A. Zacchei and A. Zonca},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1303.5083},
year = {2015}
}
备注
49 pages, 43 figures, 33 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A