Nanobeacon：KM3NeT 中微子望远镜的时间校准装置
天体物理仪器与方法
2022-07-27 v1 仪器与探测器
摘要
KM3NeT 合作组目前正在地中海建设一个多站点高能中微子望远镜，由耐压玻璃球矩阵构成，每个玻璃球内装有 31 个小面积光电倍增管。该望远镜的主要目标是对宇宙中微子源的观测，以及利用大气中微子测量中微子振荡参数。系外和大气中微子均通过周围介质中中微子相互作用产生的带电粒子在海水中诱发的切伦科夫光被探测到。光电倍增管之间需要约 1 ns 量级的相对时间同步，以保证探测器所需的角分辨率。由于 KM3NeT 需仪器的探测器体积庞大，各系统的成本削减是优先事项。为此，KM3NeT 合作组设计并开发了低成本的 Nanobeacon，用于探测器时间校准研究。目前，已生产超过 600 个 Nanobeacon。器件的光脉冲特征和波长发射轮廓对时间校准至关重要。本文描述了 Nanobeacon 设计、生产和运行的主要特征，以及所产生光脉冲的主要性质。
引用
@article{arxiv.2111.00223,
title = {Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope},
author = {S. Aiello and A. Albert and M. Alshamsi and S. Alves Garre and Z. Aly and A. Ambrosone and F. Ameli and M. Andre and G. Androulakis and M. Anghinolfi and M. Anguita and M. Ardid and S. Ardid and J. Aublin and C. Bagatelas and B. Baret and S. Basegmez du Pree and M. Bendahman and F. Benfenati and E. Berbee and A. M. van den Berg and V. Bertine and S. Biagi and M. Boettcher and M. Bou Cabo and J. Boumaaza and M. Bouta and M. Bouwhuis and C. Bozza and H. Branza and R. Bruijn and J. Brunner and R. Bruno and E. Buis and R. Buompane and J. Busto and B. Caiffi and D. Calvo and S. Campion and A. Capone and V. Carretero and P. Castaldi and S. Celli and M. Chabab and N. Chau and A. Chena and S. Cherubini and V. Chiarella and T. Chiarusi and M. Circella and R. Cocimano and J. A. B. Coelho and A. Coleiro and M. Colomer Molla and R. Coniglione and P. Coyle and A. Creusot and A. Cruza and G. Cuttone and R. Dalliera and B. De Martino and I. Di Palma and A. F. Diaz and D. Diego Tortosa and C. Distefano and A. Domi and C. Donzau and D. Dornic and M. Dorra and D. Drouhin and T. Eberla and A. Eddyamoui and T. van Eeden and D. van Eijk and I. El Bojaddaini and S. El Hedri and A. Enzenhofer and V. Espinosa and P. Fermani and G. Ferrara and M. D. Filipovic and F. Filippini and L. A. Fusco and T. Gala and J. Garcia Mendez and F. Garufi and Y. Gatelet and C. Gatius Oliver and N. Geisselbrecht and L. Gialanella and E. Giorgio and S. R. Gozzini and R. Gracia and K. Grafa and G. Grella and D. Guderian and C. Guidi and B. Guillon and M. Gutierrez and J. Haefner and S. Hallmann and H. Hamdaoui and H. van Harena and A. Heijboer and A. Hekaloa and L. Henniga and J. J. Hernandez-Rey and J. Hofestadt and F. Huang and W. Idrissi Ibnsalih and G. Illuminati and C. W. James and D. Janezashvili and M. de Jong and P. de Jong and B. J. Jung and P. Kalaczynski and O. Kalekin and U. F. Katz and N. R. Khan Chowdhury and G. Kistauri and F. van der Knaap and P. Kooijman and A. Kouchner and V. Kulikovskiy and M. Labalme and R. Lahmann and M. Lamoureux and G. Larosa and C. Lastori and A. Lazo and R. Le Breton and S. Le Stum and G. Lehaut and O. Leonardi and F. Leone and E. Leonora and N. Lessing and G. Levi and M. Lincetto and M. Lindsey Clark and T. Lipreau and C. LLorens Alvarez and F. Longhitano and D. Lopez-Coto and L. Maderer and J. Majumdar and J. Manczak and A. Margiotta and A. Marinelli and C. Markou and L. Martina and J. A. Martinez-Mora and A. Martini and F. Marzaioli and S. Mastroianni and K. W. Melis and G. Miele and P. Migliozzi and E. Migneco and P. Mijakowski and L. S. Miranda and C. M. Mollo and M. Moser and A. Moussa and R. Muller and M. Musumeci and L. Nauta and S. Navas and C. A. Nicolau and B. Nkosi and B. OFearraigh and M. OSullivan and M. Organokov and A. Orlando and J. Palacios Gonzalez and G. Papalashvilia and R. Papaleo and A. M. Paun and G. E. Pavala and C. Pellegrino and M. Perrin-Terrin and V. Pestel and P. Piattelli and C. Pieterse and O. Pisanti and C. Poire and V. Popa and T. Pradier and I. Probsta and S. Pulvirenti and G. Quemenera and N. Randazzo and S. Razzaquea and D. Real and S. Recka and G. Riccobene and A. Romanov and A. Rovelli and F. Salesa Greus and D. F. E. Samtlebe and A. Sanchez Losa and M. Sanguineti and D. Santonocito and P. Sapienza and J. Schnabel and M. F. Schneidera and J. Schumann and H. M. Schutte and J. Seneca and I. Sgura and R. Shanidze and A. Sharma and A. Sinopoulou and B. Spisso and M. Spurio and D. Stavropoulos and S. M. Stellaccian and M. Taiutik and Y. Tayalati and H. Thiersen and S. Tingay and S. Tsagkli and V. Tsourapis and E. Tzamariudaki and D. Tzanetatos and V. Van Elewyck and G. Vasileiadis and F. Versari and D. Vivolo and G. de Wasseige and J. Wilmsa and R. Wojaczynski and E. de Wolf and T. Yousfi and S. Zavatarelli and A. Zegarelli and D. Zito and J. D. Zornoza and J. Zuniga and N. Zywucka},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.00223},
year = {2022}
}