量子计算机只需要一个宇宙
量子物理
2014-06-10 v3
摘要
讨论了量子计算的本质。我们认为，就给定时间内所操控的信息量而言，量子计算与经典计算同样高效。量子叠加并不允许量子计算机“同时执行许多计算”，除非在高度限定且某种程度上具误导性的意义上。因此，量子计算不能被那些援引大量平行宇宙概念的量子力学诠释很好地描述。相反，纠缠提供了可用于经典系统所不可得的某类计算过程，其虽不比经典过程呈指数级更大，却为经典系统所无法获得。量子计算的要义在于利用纠缠来生成并操控逻辑实体间关联的物理表征，而无需完全表征逻辑实体本身。
引用
@article{arxiv.quant-ph/0003084,
title = {A quantum computer only needs one universe},
author = {A. M. Steane},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:quant-ph/0003084},
year = {2014}
}
备注
13 pages. The paper has undergone major changes, in order to stengthen the argument and cut extraneous material. Schrodinger's Cat has been cut. The "one-way computer" model is now included, and the other remarks tightened. A positive statement on what a QC is, as opposed to what it is not, is added