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A graph G is a homomorphic preimage of another graph H, or equivalently G is H-colorable, if there exists a graph homomorphism from G to H. A classic problem is to characterize the family of homomorphic preimages of a given graph H. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Sally Cockburn

A graph $G = (V,E)$ is said to be saturated with respect to a monotone increasing graph property ${\mathcal P}$, if $G \notin {\mathcal P}$ but $G \cup \{e\} \in {\mathcal P}$ for every $e \in \binom{V}{2} \setminus E$. The saturation game…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-29 Dan Hefetz , Michael Krivelevich , Alon Naor , Miloš Stojaković

Motivated by the success of domination games and by a variation of the coloring game called the indicated coloring game, we introduce a version of domination games called the indicated domination game. It is played on an arbitrary graph $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Boštjan Brešar , Csilla Bujtás , Vesna Iršič , Douglas F. Rall , Zsolt Tuza

This paper studies a language-based opacity enforcement in a two-player, zero-sum game on a graph. In this game, player 1 (P1) wins if it can achieve a secret temporal goal described by the language of a finite automaton, no matter what…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Chongyang Shi , Abhishek N. Kulkarni , Hazhar Rahmani , Jie Fu

We consider biased $(1:b)$ Avoider-Enforcer games in the monotone and strict versions. In particular, we show that Avoider can keep his graph being a forest for every but maybe the last round of the game if $b \geq 200 n \ln n$. By this we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-12 Dennis Clemens , Julia Ehrenmüller , Yury Person , Tuan Tran

We study a competitive optimization version of $\alpha'(G)$, the maximum size of a matching in a graph $G$. Players alternate adding edges of $G$ to a matching until it becomes a maximal matching. One player (Max) wants that matching to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Daniel W. Cranston , William B. Kinnersley , Suil O. , Douglas B. West

We consider two-player stochastic games played on a finite graph for infinitely many rounds. Stochastic games generalize both Markov decision processes (MDP) by adding an adversary player, and two-player deterministic games by adding…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Laurent Doyen

An $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph $G$ is a graph with its arcs having one of the $m$ different colors and edges having one of the $n$ different colors. A homomorphism $f$ of an $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph $G$ to an $(m,n)$-colored mixed graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Sandip Das , Soumen Nandi , Sagnik Sen

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem is the computational problem of finding a permutation of vertices of a given graph $G_1$ that transforms $G_1$ to another given graph $G_2$ and preserves the adjacency. In this work, we propose a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Xi Li , Hanwu Chen

We study versions of cop and robber pursuit-evasion games on the visibility graphs of polygons, and inside polygons with straight and curved sides. Each player has full information about the other player's location, players take turns, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Anna Lubiw , Jack Snoeyink , Hamideh Vosoughpour

Consider the following probabilistic one-player game: The board is a graph with $n$ vertices, which initially contains no edges. In each step, a new edge is drawn uniformly at random from all non-edges and is presented to the player,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Michael Belfrage , Torsten Mütze , Reto Spöhel

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. The resistance distance $R_G(x,y)$ between two vertices $x,y$ of $G$ is defined to be the effective resistance between the two vertices in the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Si-Ao Xu , Huan Zhou , Xiang-Feng Pan

An edge-colored graph $G$ is conflict-free connected if any two of its vertices are connected by a path which contains a color used on exactly one of its edges. The conflict-free connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Ran Gu , Xueliang Li

Eternal vertex cover is the following two-player game between a defender and an attacker on a graph. Initially, the defender positions k guards on k vertices of the graph; the game then proceeds in turns between the defender and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Tiziana Calamoneri , Federico Corò , Giacomo Paesani

Motivated by the investigation of sharpness of thresholds for Ramsey properties in random graphs, Friedgut, Kohayakawa, R\"odl, Ruci\'nski and Tetali introduced two variants of a single-player game whose goal is to colour the edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Yahav Alon , Patrick Morris , Wojciech Samotij

An equitable coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a (proper) vertex-coloring of $G$, such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this paper, we consider the equitable coloring problem in block graphs. Recall that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

In a pursuit evasion game on a finite, simple, undirected, and connected graph $G$, a first player visits vertices $m_1,m_2,\ldots$ of $G$, where $m_{i+1}$ is in the closed neighborhood of $m_i$ for every $i$, and a second player probes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Dennis Dayanikli , Dieter Rautenbach

Let $G$ be an undirected graph on $n$ vertices and let $S(G)$ be the set of all $n \times n$ real symmetric matrices whose nonzero off-diagonal entries occur in exactly the positions corresponding to the edges of $G$. The inverse eigenvalue…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-10 Polona Oblak , Helena Šmigoc

Symmetry is inherent in the definition of most of the two-player zero-sum games, including parity, mean-payoff, and discounted-payoff games. It is therefore quite surprising that no symmetric analysis techniques for these games exist. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Sven Schewe , Ashutosh Trivedi , Thomas Varghese

Coloring games are combinatorial games where the players alternate painting uncolored vertices of a graph one of $k > 0$ colors. Each different ruleset specifies that game's coloring constraints. This paper investigates six impartial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Gabriel Beaulieu , Kyle Burke , Eric Duchêne