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Gaze-based interactions offer a potential way for users to naturally engage with mixed reality (XR) interfaces. Black-box machine learning models enabled higher accuracy for gaze-based interactions. However, due to the black-box nature of…

The potential of gaze for hands-free mobile interaction is increasingly evident. While each gaze input technique presents distinct advantages and limitations, a combination can amplify strengths and mitigate challenges. We report on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Omar Namnakani , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Jonathan Grizou , Mohamed Khamis

Assessing gameplay experience for gaze interaction games is a challenging task. For this study, a gaze interaction Half-Life 2 game modification was created that allowed eye tracking control. The mod was deployed during an experiment at…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-04-05 Lennart E. Nacke , Sophie Stellmach , Dennis Sasse , Craig A. Lindley

Gaze input, as a modality inherently conveying user intent, offers intuitive and immersive experiences in extended reality (XR). With eye-tracking now being a standard feature in modern XR headsets, gaze has been extensively applied to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yichuan Zhang , Liangyuting Zhang , Xuning Hu , Yong Yue , Hai-Ning Liang

Recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gaze-assisted interaction as a rich and accessible human-computer interaction paradigm. Gaze-assisted interaction serves as a contextual, non-invasive, and explicit…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Vijay Rajanna , Tracy Hammond

Gaze-based interaction enables intuitive, hands-free control in immersive environments, but remains susceptible to unintended inputs. We present a real-time error prevention system (EPS) that uses a temporal convolutional network…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Björn R. Severitt , Yannick Sauer , Nora Castner , Siegfried Wahl

We present our current research on the implementation of gaze as an efficient and usable pointing modality supplementary to speech, for interacting with augmented objects in our daily environment or large displays, especially immersive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-08-28 Daniel Gepner , Jérôme Simonin , Noëlle Carbonell

Enabling gaze interaction in real-time on handheld mobile devices has attracted significant attention in recent years. An increasing number of research projects have focused on sophisticated appearance-based deep learning models to enhance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yaxiong Lei , Yuheng Wang , Tyler Caslin , Alexander Wisowaty , Xu Zhu , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

We present CasualGaze, a novel eye-gaze-based target selection technique to support natural and casual eye-gaze input. Unlike existing solutions that require users to keep the eye-gaze center on the target actively, CasualGaze allows users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yingtian Shi , Yukang Yan , Zisu Li , Chen Liang , Yuntao Wang , Chun Yu , Yuanchun Shi

As head-mounted displays (HMDs) with eye-tracking become increasingly accessible, the need for effective gaze-based interfaces in virtual reality (VR) grows. Traditional gaze- or hand-based navigation often limits user precision or impairs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mona Zavichi , André Santos , Catarina Moreira , Anderson Maciel , Joaquim Jorge

With the rising interest in Virtual Reality and the fast development and improvement of available devices, new features of interactions are becoming available. One of them that is becoming very popular is hand tracking, as the idea to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons , Tanja Kojić , Danish Ali , Sebastian Möller

This paper proposes an approach to detect information relevance during decision-making from eye movements in order to enable user interface adaptation. This is a challenging task because gaze behavior varies greatly across individual users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Anna Maria Feit , Lukas Vordemann , Seonwook Park , Caterina Bérubé , Otmar Hilliges

While users could embody virtual avatars that mirror their physical movements in Virtual Reality, these avatars' motions can be redirected to enable novel interactions. Excessive redirection, however, could break the user's sense of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zhipeng Li , Yishu Ji , Ruijia Chen , Tianqi Liu , Yuntao Wang , Yuanchun Shi , Yukang Yan

Appearance-based gaze estimation methods that only require an off-the-shelf camera have significantly improved but they are still not yet widely used in the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. This is partly because it remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling

Nonverbal behaviors, particularly gaze direction, play a crucial role in enhancing effective communication in social interactions. As social robots increasingly participate in these interactions, they must adapt their gaze based on human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Faezeh Vahedi , Morteza Memari , Ramtin Tabatabaei , Alireza Taheri

The use of ML models to predict a user's cognitive state from behavioral data has been studied for various applications which includes predicting the intent to perform selections in VR. We developed a novel technique that uses gaze-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Anish S. Narkar , Jan J. Michalak , Candace E. Peacock , Brendan David-John

Predicting gaze behavior in virtual reality environments remains a significant challenge with implications for rendering optimization and interface design. This paper introduces a multimodal approach to VR gaze prediction that combines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farhaan Ebadulla , Chiraag Mudlpaur , Shreya Chaurasia , Gaurav BV

Mobile gaze tracking involves inferring a user's gaze point or direction on a mobile device's screen from facial images captured by the device's front camera. While this technology inspires an increasing number of gaze-interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yaxiong Lei , Yuheng Wang , Fergus Buchanan , Mingyue Zhao , Yusuke Sugano , Shijing He , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Smart glasses are accelerating progress toward more seamless and personalized LLM-based assistance by integrating multimodal inputs. Yet, these inputs rely on obtrusive explicit prompts. The advent of gaze tracking on smart devices offers a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiexin Ding , Yizhuo Zhang , Xinyun Liu , Ke chen , Yuntao Wang , Shwetak Patel , Akshay Gadre

Human eye gaze plays an important role in delivering information, communicating intent, and understanding others' mental states. Previous research shows that a robot's gaze can also affect humans' decision-making and strategy during an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Di Fu , Fares Abawi , Erik Strahl , Stefan Wermter
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