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Procedural generation is used across game design to achieve a wide variety of ends, and has led to the creation of several game subgenres by injecting variance, surprise or unpredictability into otherwise static designs. Information games…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Michael Cook

We propose the problem of tutorial generation for games, i.e. to generate tutorials which can teach players to play games, as an AI problem. This problem can be approached in several ways, including generating natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Julian Togelius

We describe the design and implementation of a reasoning engine that facilitates the gamification of loop-invariant discovery. Our reasoning engine enables students, computational agents and regular software engineers with no formal methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Andrew Walter , Seth Cooper , Panagiotis Manolios

In this work, we explore explicit Large Language Model (LLM)-powered support for the iterative design of computer programs. Program design, like other design activity, is characterized by navigating a space of alternative problem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 J. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira , Eunice Jun , Michael Terry , Qian Yang , Björn Hartmann

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains, their ability to reason strategically under uncertainty becomes critical. Poker provides a rigorous testbed, requiring not only strong actions but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuliang Yan , Zhenwei Dai , Jingying Zeng , Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Hongcheng Gao , Chen Luo , Xiang Zhang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities across various tasks, showcasing complex problem-solving abilities. Understanding and executing complex rules, along with multi-step planning, are fundamental to logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiayi Gui , Yiming Liu , Jiale Cheng , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Recent work has shown that we can dramatically improve the performance of computer games and simulations through declarative processing: Character AI can be written in an imperative scripting language which is then compiled to relational…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-09-15 Benjamin Sowell , Alan Demers , Johannes Gehrke , Nitin Gupta , Haoyuan Li , Walker White

Introduction: The application of Artificial Intelligence in games has evolved significantly, allowing for dynamic content generation. However, its use as a core gameplay co-creation tool remains underexplored. Objective: This paper proposes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Emanuel C. Silva , Emily S. M. Salum , Gabriel M. Arantes , Matheus P. Pereira , Vinicius F. Oliveira , Alessandro L. Bicho

Despite recent advances in modern machine learning algorithms, the opaqueness of their underlying mechanisms continues to be an obstacle in adoption. To instill confidence and trust in artificial intelligence systems, Explainable Artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Zheng Zhang , Liangliang Xu , Levent Yilmaz , Bo Liu

There are few digital tools to help designers create game mechanics. A general language to express game mechanics is necessary for rapid game design iteration. The first iteration of a mechanics-focused language, together with its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Rokas Volkovas , Michael Fairbank , John Woodward , Simon Lucas

PokerKit is an open-source Python library designed to overcome the restrictions of existing poker game simulation and hand evaluation tools, which typically support only a handful of poker variants and lack flexibility in game state…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Juho Kim

General Game Playing (GGP) is a framework in which an artificial intelligence program is required to play a variety of games successfully. It acts as a test bed for AI and motivator of research. The AI is given a random game description at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Alastair Flynn

We propose a new General Game Playing (GGP) system called Regular Games (RG). The main goal of RG is to be both computationally efficient and convenient for game design. The system consists of several languages. The core component is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Radosław Miernik , Marek Szykuła , Jakub Kowalski , Jakub Cieśluk , Łukasz Galas , Wojciech Pawlik

Game designs often center on the game mechanics---rules governing the logical evolution of the game. We seek to develop an intelligent system that generates computer games. As first steps towards this goal we present a composable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Mark O. Riedl

Since the advent of computers, many tasks which required humans to spend a lot of time and energy have been trivialized by the computers' ability to perform repetitive tasks extremely quickly. Playing chess is one such task. It was one of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Rahul Aralikatte , G Srinivasaraghavan

This report presents Giraffe, a chess engine that uses self-play to discover all its domain-specific knowledge, with minimal hand-crafted knowledge given by the programmer. Unlike previous attempts using machine learning only to perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-15 Matthew Lai

Large language models (LLMs) have taken the scientific world by storm, changing the landscape of natural language processing and human-computer interaction. These powerful tools can answer complex questions and, surprisingly, perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono

People have made remarkable progress in game AIs, especially in domain of perfect information game. However, trick-taking poker game, as a popular form of imperfect information game, has been regarded as a challenge for a long time. Since…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Naichen Shi , Ruichen Li , Sun Youran

Testing is an important aspect of software development, but unfortunately, it is often neglected. While test quality analyses such as code coverage or mutation analysis inform developers about the quality of their tests, such reports are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Philipp Straubinger , Gordon Fraser

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen