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When learning to play an imperfect information game, it is often easier to first start with the basic mechanics of the game rules. For example, one can play several example rounds with private cards revealed to all players to better…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Benjamin Heymann , Marc Lanctot

Game Description Language (GDL) provides a standardized way to express diverse games in a machine-readable format, enabling automated game simulation, and evaluation. While previous research has explored game description generation using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tsunehiko Tanaka , Edgar Simo-Serra

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in natural language processing (NLP), with strong capa-bilities in generation, comprehension, and rea-soning. These models have found applications in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Hui Wang

We introduce PokerBench - a benchmark for evaluating the poker-playing abilities of large language models (LLMs). As LLMs excel in traditional NLP tasks, their application to complex, strategic games like poker poses a new challenge. Poker,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Richard Zhuang , Akshat Gupta , Richard Yang , Aniket Rahane , Zhengyu Li , Gopala Anumanchipalli

Implementing board games in code can be a time-consuming task. However, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proven effective at generating code for domain-specific tasks with simple contextual information. We aim to investigate whether…

The application of games as a therapeutic tool for cognitive training is beneficial for patients with cognitive impairments. However, effective game design for individual patient is resource-intensive. To this end, we propose an LLM-powered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jingwei Shi , Shengyu Tao , Xinxiang Yin , Chen Huang , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Recent advancements in algorithms for sequential decision-making under imperfect information have shown remarkable success in large games such as limit- and no-limit poker. These algorithms traditionally formalize the games using the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Vojtěch Kovařík , David Milec , Michal Šustr , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning abilities are increasingly being applied to classical board and card games, but the dominant approach -- involving prompting for direct move generation -- has significant drawbacks. It relies on the…

The practice of programming is undergoing a revolution with the introduction of AI assisted development (copilots) and the creation of new programming languages that are designed explicitly for tooling, analysis, and automation. Integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Mark Marron

Automatically generating novel and interesting games is a complex task. Challenges include representing game rules in a computationally workable form, searching through the large space of potential games under most such representations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Graham Todd , Alexander Padula , Matthew Stephenson , Éric Piette , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Julian Togelius

In shared autonomy, a critical tension arises when an automated assistant must choose between obeying a human's instruction and deliberately overriding it to prevent harm. This safety-critical behavior is known as intelligent disobedience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Benedikt Hornig , Reuth Mirsky

General game playing (GGP) is a framework for evaluating an agent's general intelligence across a wide range of tasks. In the GGP competition, an agent is given the rules of a game (described as a logic program) that it has never seen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Andrew Cropper , Richard Evans , Mark Law

In this work, we investigate a steering problem in a mediator-augmented two-player normal-form game, where the mediator aims to guide players toward a specific action profile through information and incentive design. We first characterize…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Asrin Efe Yorulmaz , Raj Kiriti Velicheti , Melih Bastopcu , Tamer Başar

Children learn though play. We introduce the analogous idea of learning programs through play. In this approach, a program induction system (the learner) is given a set of tasks and initial background knowledge. Before solving the tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Andrew Cropper

The Digital Ludeme Project (DLP) aims to reconstruct and analyse over 1000 traditional strategy games using modern techniques. One of the key aspects of this project is the development of Ludii, a general game system that will be able to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Matthew Stephenson , Éric Piette , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Cameron Browne

Questions are essential tools for acquiring the necessary information to complete information-seeking tasks. However, large language models (LLMs), especially open-source models, often perform poorly in generating informative questions, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Davide Mazzaccara , Alberto Testoni , Raffaella Bernardi

While general game playing is an active field of research, the learning of game design has tended to be either a secondary goal of such research or it has been solely the domain of humans. We propose a field of research, Automated Game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Joseph C Osborn , Adam Summerville , Michael Mateas

We present initial research towards procedural generation of Simplified Boardgames and translating them into an efficient GDL code. This is a step towards establishing Simplified Boardgames as a comparison class for General Game Playing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

Reflection is a critical aspect of the learning process. However, educational games tend to focus on supporting learning concepts rather than supporting reflection. While reflection occurs in educational games, the educational game design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jennifer Villareale , Colan F. Biemer , Magy Seif El-Nasr , Jichen Zhu

The independent chip model (ICM) forms a cornerstone of all modern poker tournament strategy. However, despite its prominence, the ICM's performance in the real world has not been sufficiently scrutinized, especially at a large scale. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Juho Kim